Vocabulary:

1) Hardware - the mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical devices or components of a computer.

2) Module - an assembled printed circuit performing a distinct function, or a self-contained program section.

3) Read-only memory (ROM) - a device or medium used to store Information and which may be read, but not written into, by the central processor.

4) Capacity of a memory store - the number of bits or words or bytes that can be stored.

5) Priority – the sequence in which various entries and tasks are processed or peripheral devices are serviced.

1. Give the full names of the following abbreviations:

RAM, ROM, PROM, SCS, FDS, I/O

2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following:

capability, dimension, hardware, software, module, breadboard system, small computer system, full-development system, multiprocessor system, family, master-control chip, priority, compatibility, storage capacity.

3. Complete the following sentences:

1. Chips are used to construct... .

2. Modules are used ... .

3. Small computer systems are used ... .

4. Multiprocessor systems can include....

5. At the first level of the hierarchy are....

6. At the first level of the hierarchy are more specialized chips:..

Text 3.7 Uses and Applications of Microprocessors

Pre-reading task:

1. Read the text “Uses and Applications of Microprocessors” and discuss the main idea of it in group.

2. Draw a diagram of microprocessors applications.

3. Make a list of the microprocessor’s applications you have read about or you have seen by yourself.

4. Find additional information of microsystems application.

The uses and applications of microcomputers appear, at present, to fall somewhere between discrete logic, on the one hand, and minicomputers, on the other. The microprocessor fills the large gap between discrete circuits and the relatively sophisticated minicomputer. The microprocessor also fills the cost gap between discrete circuits.

Because of its relatively low cost and flexibility, the microsystem has an abundance of applications at home and small business environment. It fills the needs of small manufacturers who cannot afford, or do not need, large computer systems.

Some of the present applications which have already found their way into the market place are:

— Video TV games;

— Intelligent computer terminals;

Process controllers;

Telephone switching controls;

Programmable household appliances;

Computerized automotive electronic systems.

Computers are being used as part of the educational process, and guidance. Controlled computers have made possible space exploration and automated factories.

Microprocessors can also be expanded to serve specialized control functions in the area of industrial tools and machinery. Because they are programmable logic systems, they can be adapted to serve a variety of job functions each of which previously required individually designed circuits. The low cost of production makes them extremely attractive.

It is perhaps this hardware¹/software² trade that makes the impact of the microprocessor so great. Entirely different circuit functions can now be accomplished with the same hardware by means of a different set of program instructions. The microprocessor is recognized as the device which finally unites two previously separate areas: that of the hardware designer and the programmer.