- •English for specific purposes
- •Рекомендовано к изданию Ученым советом Павлодарского государственного университета им. С.Торайгырова
- •Isbn 9965-573-32-8
- •Isbn 9965-573-32-8
- •Предисловие
- •1 Fields of Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.2 Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.1 Chemical Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.2 Civil Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.3 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.4 Electric Power and Machinery
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.5 Electronics
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.6 Communications and Control
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.7 Computers
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.8 Geological and Mining Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.9 Industrial or Management Engineering
- •1.3.10 Mechanical Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.11 Military Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.12 Naval or Marine Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.13 Nuclear Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.14 Safety Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.15 Sanitary Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.4 Are the following statements true or false?
- •1.5 Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: civil engineering, aeronautics, diverse, circuits, chips, copper cable.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian word combinations:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian phrases:
- •2. Give English definition for the following:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Chose an answer – a or b.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: program, information, processing of information, software, connectivity, computer, people.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •2. Match the following words with the given definition: processor, keyboard, mouse, floppy-disk, hard-disk, modem, monitor, rom, ram.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Match the following words with the given definition: unix, dos, nt, os/2, Windows 95.
- •2. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •2 What is the Internet?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: web browser, providers, link, www.
- •1. Match the words or phrases (1-6) to the definitions (a-f).
- •3 Science
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following:
- •2. Give the abbreviations of the following:
- •3. Give the English equivalents to the following:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the full names of the following abbreviations:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •4 Supplementary Reading Section
- •1. Read the text “a Will to Learn” and discuss the following questions in group:
- •2. Share your own opinion on the following problems:
- •1. Discuss the following questions in group:
- •1. Discuss the following questions in group:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •5 Phrases for Scientific Communication
- •5.1 Thinking about your Presentation
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •5.2 Introductory Paper Speech Patterns:
- •5.3 List of Phrases to Write an Introduction.
- •5.4 Speech Patterns for the Body of the Paper
- •5.5 Closing Paper Speech Patterns
- •5.6 Formulas for Scientific Communication.
- •6 Supplementary Terminology Section
- •6.1 Definition and Explanation of Terms
- •6.2 Giving а Talk/Paper
- •6.3 Study the following information and compare it with the Russian system of training.
- •6.4 Read the text and try to explain what is to be a graduate student.
- •6.5 Compare the given difference of the verbs “to learn” and “to study”.
- •6.6 Study the following definition of the words profession, occupation and job.
- •6.7 Translation of terms and abbreviations connected with academic studies and scientific research work
- •2.Подразделения:
- •3. Степени:
- •4. Сокращения:
- •Appendix
- •Geometric Optics. Physics Optics
- •The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion
- •Polarization
- •Waves Versus Particles; Huygen’s Principle and diffraction
- •Special Theory of Relativity
- •The Michelson-Morley Experiment
- •Литература:
- •Contents
Vocabulary:
1) handling — обращение
2) transfer — передача, перенос
3) pick up — брать, подбирать
4) arrangement — расположение
5) to utilize — утилизировать, находить применение
6) gripper — захват
7) to grasp — схватывать
8) spot welding — точечная сварка
9) continuous — непрерывный
10) arc welding — электродуговая сварка
11) spray painting — окраска распылением
12) frame — рама
13) spray-painting gun — распылитель краски
14) grinding — шлифование
15) polishing — полирование
16) spindle — шпиндель
17) manual — ручной
18) labor — труд
19) hazardous — опасный
20) shift — смена
Text 1.13.19 Computers
Pre-Reading Task:
1. What do you know about computer science and technology on the contemporary level?
2. Who has a computer in your group? Ask them what do they use it for?
3. What are the most important applications of computer? (Are computer games just a «waste of time» or it is a nice hobby and a lot of fun?)
4. Read the text “Computers”, do the task below and organize a round - table discussion on the problem.
50 years ago, people hadn’t even heard of computers, and today we cannot imagine life without them.
Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution is still going on.
Very soon we’ll have computers that we’ll wear on wrists or even in our glasses and earnings. Such wearable computers are being developed now.
Japan’s biggest mobiles-phone company has just released its cleverest product - a mobile phone that allows you to stuff the Internet as well as make calls. People are already using the phone to check the news headlines, follow the stock market and download the latest jokes. Soon they will be able to buy cinema tickets and manage their bank accounts.
The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic ‘neural networks’. Of course, they’ll be still a lot simpler that human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help it diagnose illnesses, find materials, understand and control the world’s money markets, identify criminals and control space travel.
Computer revolution is changing our life and our language, too. We are constantly making up new words or giving new meanings to old ones. Most of computer terms are born in Silicon Valley, the world’s top computer-science center.
1. Chose an answer – a or b.
1. A mouse is
a) a small furry animal with a long tail
b) a small box used to operate a computer
2. To surf is
a) to ride on a board of the waves of the sea
b) to move around the Internet
3. A bug is
a) a small insect
b) an error in a computer program.
4. A flame is
a) a red or yellow burning gas seen when something is on fire
b) an unfriendly or rude e-mail
5. To boot is
a) to kick
b) to start a computer
6. A geek is
a) someone who bites the heads off alive chickens as part of a show
b) a person who knows everything about computers
Text 1.13.20 What is a Computer?
Pre-reading task:
1. Is computer intelligent?
2. Why so many people are still «computer illiterate»?
3. Read the text “What is a Computer?” and discuss the following questions in group:
4. What does the term «computer» describe?
5. What are five components of computer system?
6. What is connectivity?
7. What is software? What’s the difference between hardware and software?
8. Why people are the most important component of a computer system?
9. In what way terms «data» and «information» differ?
10. How does computer convert data into information?
The term “computer” is used to describe a device1 made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components. Computer has no intelligence2 by itself and is referred to as3 hardware4. A computer system is a combination of five elements:
- Hardware
- Software
- People
- Procedures5
- Data/information
When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In other words, the manner6 in which the various7 individual systems are connected8 — for example, by phone lines, microwave9 transmission10, or satellite — is an element of the total computer system.
Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions11, the hardware doesn’t know what to do. People, however, are the most important component of the computer system: they create12 the computer software instructions and respond13 to the procedures that those instructions present.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters14 called data15 to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results. The data is raw16 material while information is organized, processed, refined17 and useful for decision18 making. Computer is used to convert19 data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.