- •English for specific purposes
- •Рекомендовано к изданию Ученым советом Павлодарского государственного университета им. С.Торайгырова
- •Isbn 9965-573-32-8
- •Isbn 9965-573-32-8
- •Предисловие
- •1 Fields of Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.2 Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.1 Chemical Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.2 Civil Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.3 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.4 Electric Power and Machinery
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.5 Electronics
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.6 Communications and Control
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.7 Computers
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.8 Geological and Mining Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.9 Industrial or Management Engineering
- •1.3.10 Mechanical Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.11 Military Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.12 Naval or Marine Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.13 Nuclear Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.14 Safety Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.15 Sanitary Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.4 Are the following statements true or false?
- •1.5 Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: civil engineering, aeronautics, diverse, circuits, chips, copper cable.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian word combinations:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian phrases:
- •2. Give English definition for the following:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Chose an answer – a or b.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: program, information, processing of information, software, connectivity, computer, people.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •2. Match the following words with the given definition: processor, keyboard, mouse, floppy-disk, hard-disk, modem, monitor, rom, ram.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Match the following words with the given definition: unix, dos, nt, os/2, Windows 95.
- •2. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •2 What is the Internet?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: web browser, providers, link, www.
- •1. Match the words or phrases (1-6) to the definitions (a-f).
- •3 Science
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following:
- •2. Give the abbreviations of the following:
- •3. Give the English equivalents to the following:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the full names of the following abbreviations:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •4 Supplementary Reading Section
- •1. Read the text “a Will to Learn” and discuss the following questions in group:
- •2. Share your own opinion on the following problems:
- •1. Discuss the following questions in group:
- •1. Discuss the following questions in group:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •5 Phrases for Scientific Communication
- •5.1 Thinking about your Presentation
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •5.2 Introductory Paper Speech Patterns:
- •5.3 List of Phrases to Write an Introduction.
- •5.4 Speech Patterns for the Body of the Paper
- •5.5 Closing Paper Speech Patterns
- •5.6 Formulas for Scientific Communication.
- •6 Supplementary Terminology Section
- •6.1 Definition and Explanation of Terms
- •6.2 Giving а Talk/Paper
- •6.3 Study the following information and compare it with the Russian system of training.
- •6.4 Read the text and try to explain what is to be a graduate student.
- •6.5 Compare the given difference of the verbs “to learn” and “to study”.
- •6.6 Study the following definition of the words profession, occupation and job.
- •6.7 Translation of terms and abbreviations connected with academic studies and scientific research work
- •2.Подразделения:
- •3. Степени:
- •4. Сокращения:
- •Appendix
- •Geometric Optics. Physics Optics
- •The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion
- •Polarization
- •Waves Versus Particles; Huygen’s Principle and diffraction
- •Special Theory of Relativity
- •The Michelson-Morley Experiment
- •Литература:
- •Contents
Vocabulary:
1) equipment — оборудование
2) sequence — последовательность
3) initial — первоначальный, начальный
4) investment — инвестиция, вклад
5) rate — скорость, темп
6) assembly machines — сборочные машины
7) quantity — количество
8) non-productive — непроизводительный
9) to facilitate — способствовать
10) changeover — переход, переналадка
1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian phrases:
1. сфера применения
2. фиксированная последовательность операций
3. автоматические сборочные машины
4. определенные химические процессы
5. станок с числовым программным управлением
6. потерянное производственное время
7. разнообразная продукция
2. Give English definition for the following:
1. automation technology
2. fixed automation
3. assembly machines
4. non-productive time
5. programmable automation
6. computer terminal
7. numerical-control machine-tool
Text 1.13.18 Robots in Manufacturing
Pre-reading task:
1. What is the most common application of robots in automobile manufacturing?
2. What operations could be done by robots in car manufacturing industry?
3. Read the text “Robots in Manufacturing” and discuss the following questions in group:
4. How are robots used in manufacturing?
5. What is «material handling»?
6. What does a robot need to be equipped with to do loading and unloading operations?
7. What does robot manipulate in robotic processing operation?
8. What are the main reasons to use robots in production?
9. How can robots inspect the quality of production?
10. What operations could be done by robots in hazardous or uncomfortable for the human workers conditions?
Today most robots are used in manufacturing operations. The applications of robots can be divided into three categories:
- material handling1
- processing operations
- assembly and inspection.
Material-handling is the transfer2 of material and loading and unloading of machines. Material-transfer applications require the robot to move materials or work parts from one to another. Many of these tasks are relatively simple: robots pick up3 parts from one conveyor and place them on another. Other transfer operations are more complex, such as placing parts in an arrangement4 that can be calculated by the robot. Machine loading and unloading operations utilize5 a robot to load and unload parts. This requires the robot to be equipped with a gripper6 that can grasp7 parts. Usually the gripper must be designed specifically for the particular part geometry.
In robotic processing operations, the robot manipulates a tool to perform a process on the work part. Examples of such applications include spot welding8, continuous9 arc welding10 and spray painting11. Spot welding of automobile bodies is one of the most common applications of industrial robots. The robot positions a spot welder against the automobile panels and frames12 to join them. Arc welding is a continuous process in which robot moves the welding rod along the welding seam. Spray painting is the manipulation of a spray-painting gun13 over the surface of the object to be coated. Other operations in this category include grinding14 and polishing15 in which a rotating spindle16 serves as the robot's tool.
The third application area of industrial robots is assembly and inspection. The use of robots in assembly is expected to increase because of the high cost of manual17 labor18. But the design of the product is an important aspect of robotic assembly. Assembly methods that are satisfactory for humans are not always suitable for robots. Screws and nuts are widely used for fastening in manual assembly, but the same operations are extremely difficult for a one-armed robot.
Inspection is another area of factory operations in which the utilization of robots is growing. In a typical inspection job, the robot positions a sensor with respect to the work part and determines whether the part answers the quality specifications. In nearly all industrial robotic applications, the robot provides a substitute for human labor. There are certain characteristics of industrial jobs performed by humans that can be done by robots:
- the operation is repetitive, involving the same basic work motions every cycle,
- the operation is hazardous19 or uncomfortable for the human worker (for example: spray painting, spot welding, arc welding, and certain machine loading and unloading tasks),
- the work piece or tool are too heavy and difficult to handle,
- the operation allows the robot to be used on two or three shifts20.