- •English for specific purposes
- •Рекомендовано к изданию Ученым советом Павлодарского государственного университета им. С.Торайгырова
- •Isbn 9965-573-32-8
- •Isbn 9965-573-32-8
- •Предисловие
- •1 Fields of Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.2 Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.1 Chemical Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.2 Civil Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.3 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.4 Electric Power and Machinery
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.5 Electronics
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.6 Communications and Control
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.7 Computers
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.8 Geological and Mining Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.9 Industrial or Management Engineering
- •1.3.10 Mechanical Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.11 Military Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.12 Naval or Marine Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.13 Nuclear Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.14 Safety Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.3.15 Sanitary Engineering
- •Vocabulary:
- •1.4 Are the following statements true or false?
- •1.5 Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: civil engineering, aeronautics, diverse, circuits, chips, copper cable.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian word combinations:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian phrases:
- •2. Give English definition for the following:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Chose an answer – a or b.
- •Vocabulary:
- •Are the following statements true or false?
- •Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: program, information, processing of information, software, connectivity, computer, people.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •2. Match the following words with the given definition: processor, keyboard, mouse, floppy-disk, hard-disk, modem, monitor, rom, ram.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Match the following words with the given definition: unix, dos, nt, os/2, Windows 95.
- •2. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •2 What is the Internet?
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Are the following statements true or false? Prove your answers.
- •Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words: web browser, providers, link, www.
- •1. Match the words or phrases (1-6) to the definitions (a-f).
- •3 Science
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following:
- •2. Give the abbreviations of the following:
- •3. Give the English equivalents to the following:
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Give the full names of the following abbreviations:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •4 Supplementary Reading Section
- •1. Read the text “a Will to Learn” and discuss the following questions in group:
- •2. Share your own opinion on the following problems:
- •1. Discuss the following questions in group:
- •1. Discuss the following questions in group:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •5 Phrases for Scientific Communication
- •5.1 Thinking about your Presentation
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •5.2 Introductory Paper Speech Patterns:
- •5.3 List of Phrases to Write an Introduction.
- •5.4 Speech Patterns for the Body of the Paper
- •5.5 Closing Paper Speech Patterns
- •5.6 Formulas for Scientific Communication.
- •6 Supplementary Terminology Section
- •6.1 Definition and Explanation of Terms
- •6.2 Giving а Talk/Paper
- •6.3 Study the following information and compare it with the Russian system of training.
- •6.4 Read the text and try to explain what is to be a graduate student.
- •6.5 Compare the given difference of the verbs “to learn” and “to study”.
- •6.6 Study the following definition of the words profession, occupation and job.
- •6.7 Translation of terms and abbreviations connected with academic studies and scientific research work
- •2.Подразделения:
- •3. Степени:
- •4. Сокращения:
- •Appendix
- •Geometric Optics. Physics Optics
- •The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion
- •Polarization
- •Waves Versus Particles; Huygen’s Principle and diffraction
- •Special Theory of Relativity
- •The Michelson-Morley Experiment
- •Литература:
- •Contents
Vocabulary:
1) automation — автоматизация
2) previously — ранее
3) sequence — последовательность
4) assembly plant — сборочный завод
5) nonmanufacturing — непроизводственный
6) device — устройство, прибор
7) resemble — походить
8) efficiency — эффективность
9) flyball governor — центробежный регулятор
10) steam engine — паровоз
11) household thermostat — бытовой термостат
12) facilitate — способствовать
13) punched — перфорированный
14) aid — помощь
15) dimension — измерение, размеры
1. Give English equivalents for the following Russian word combinations:
1. автоматические устройства
2. автоматизированное производство
3. выполнять простые задачи
4. как легкие, так и тяжелые детали
5. интегрированная система производства
6. принцип обратной связи
7. механизм может разгоняться и тормозить
8. компьютер автоматически посылает команды
9. высокоавтоматизированная система
10. непроизводственная система
Text 1.13.17 Types of Automation
Pre-reading task:
1. What is the most important application of automation?
2. What are the types of automation used in manufacturing?
3. Read the text “Types of Automation” and discuss the following questions in group:
4. What is fixed automation?
5. What are the limitations of hard automation?
6. What is the best example of programmable automation?
7. What are the limitations of programmable automation?
8. What are the advantages of flexible automation?
Manufacturing is one of the most important application areas for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.
1. Fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automation» refers to automated machines in which the equipment1 configuration allows fixed sequence2 of processing operations. These machines are programmed by their design to make only certain processing operations. They are not easily changed over from one product style to another. This form of automation needs high initial3 investments4 and high production rates5. That is why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines6 and certain chemical processes.
2. Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities7, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be re-programmed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive8 time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate9 product changeover10 rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer program.
3. Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Programmable automation requires time to re-program and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.