Exercises

1.Translate the following words into Russian.

Landlocked, astonishing, variety, fauna, include, rare, portions, independent, encompass, approximately, square, terrain, treeless, desert, arid, semi-arid, climate, region, rocky, canyon, snow-peaked, mountain, conifer, forest, flourish, snake, lizard, reptile; jerboa, gopher, rodent; gazelle, deer, boar, jackal, mammal, badger, roam, snow, lynx, ibex, diverse, vulture, eagle, nest, observer, falcon, hawk, pheasant, grouse, partridge, maintain, number, reserve, establish, dwell, eastern, unusual, whitefish, heron, inhabitant, remarkable, reptilian, various, international, organization, preserve, assets.

2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:

An astonishing variety of wildlife, rare species, portions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in two continents, Europe and Asia, the largest independent Turkic state in Central Asia, treeless steppe and desert, semi-arid climate, certain regions of Kazakhstan, rocky canyons, snow-peaked mountains, wildlife species, different regions of the country, near lakes and rivers, snow leopards, species such, a number of nature reserves, animal species, a mountain lake, unusual uskuch whitefish, the rare white heron, distinguished inhabitant, remarkable for its rare bird species, various international organizations, natural assets.

3. Put special questions to the following sentences:

1. The fauna of Kazakhstan include rare species such as the saiga, antelope, red bear, snow leopard and golden eagle. 2.Portions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are in two continents: Europe and Asia. 3.The largest independent Turkic state in Central Asia, Kazakhstan encompasses approximately 2.7 million square kilometers..4.Kazakhstan's desert life includes snakes, lizards and other reptiles; jerboas, gophers and other .rodents; and larger animals such as gazelles. 5.The steppes are home to deer, antelope, badgers, wolves and foxes. In the mountains roam snow leopards, bears and smaller species including lynxes, ibexes, boars and wolves.6.The rare white heron is a distinguished inhabitant of the Naurzum. One reserve.

4. Give the definitions:

Fauna, snow-peaked mountains, steppe, reserve, natural assets.

5. Retell the text

Text 7: Animal Morphology

Animal morphology refers to identification and analysis of morphemes structure of animals. Animal morphology is a branch of bioscience that concerns more about the study the form and structure of organisms and their special features. In contrast to physiology, animal morphology also concerns about the function. It includes the outward appearance and internal structure such as bones and organs of an animal. The gross structure of animal is discussed well in animal morphology. Animal word was derived from Latin word ‘animalis’ and it refers to have breath. Colloquially, animal refers to non human. However, it is close to humans like mammals and vertebrates. It includes kingdom Animalia.

Classification of animals:

A ristotle was the first to divide the plants and animals in the living world. Carolus Linnaeus has first introduced hierarchical classification of animals. The biologists discovered the evolutionary relationship that exists in between the group of animals. For example, microscopic protozoa are only the animals known initially as they can move, however it is now separated.

Linnaeus classification scheme shows that animal is one among three classes of kingdom. It is further divided into following types.

Vermes

Pisces

Aves

Mammalian

Reptile

Amphibian

Insecta

O f which mammalian, aves, reptila, amphibian and Pisces are regarded as class of single phylum termed as Chordata. The other forms of animals other than chordata are classified separately. The classification of animals varies as the source varies.

Animal morphology is classified as follows.

Comparative anatomy: The study of analysis pattern which are found inside the body of an organisms and it form the taxonomical catorization bases.

Functional morphology: The animals are classified according to the function they perform and structural features of an animal.

Experimental morphology: The animals can be used as model organisms to study the effect of diseases.