Exercises

1. Translate the following words into Russian:

Hounds, art, actual, graceful, movement, emotion, passion, hunter, festival, steppe, derive, pleasure, tandem, golden, eagle, method, ancestor, Eurasian, master, several, age, proof, mainly northern, central, region, prefer, hawk, falcon, particular, type, apart, fox, catch, corsac, hare, strong, rapacious, well-trained, prove, useful, hoofed wolf, geese, bustard, sparrow-hawk, hare, goshawks, quail, merlin, excellent, extremely, expensive, camel,

season, start, frost, continue, schedule, se, fur, winter, late, migration, last, snow, fall, unique, feature, life, wild, to be gained, century, secret, impart,

2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:

Hunting with birds, the actual course of hunting, graceful movements of animals,emotions and passions of the hunters, a steppe hunter, great pleasure, from the tandem of a dog and a hunting bird, Golden eagle hunting, one of the oldest methods of food hunting, our ancestors, Eurasian steppes, master eagle hunting, several thousand years ago, Andronov age, Bronze Age petro glyphs, northern and central regions of Kazakhstan, south hunters, particular type of animal, apart from foxes, catch corsacs and hares, rapacious eagles, useful for hunting, for geese and bustards, for hunting hares while goshawks, excellent for hunting smaller birds, extremely expensive, eagle hunting season, continue from November through February, furry animals, the most unique features of Kazakh life, the experience of wild bird training, Kazakh kusbegi, over centuries, from father to son,very secret.

3. Put special questions to the following sentences:

1.Hunting with birds and hounds has always been considered an art. 2. Golden eagle hunting is one of the oldest methods of food hunting. 3.Eagle hunting was mainly practiced in the northern and central regions of Kazakhstan. 4.Strong, rapacious, well-trained eagles proved useful for hunting hoofed animals and even wolves. 5.Hawks are used for geese and bustards. 6.Eagle hunting season starts with the first night frosts and continues from November through February. 7.Hunting with Golden Eagle is one of the most unique features of Kazakh life. 8.The hunter is named kusbegi or berkutchi.

4. Retell the text Text 6: Animals and birds of Kazakhstan

Although landlocked (the largest landlocked nation in the world) Kazakhstan is home to an astonishing variety of wildlife. Its fauna include rare species such as the saiga, antelope, red bear, snow leopard and golden e agle.

Portions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are in two continents: Europe and Asia. The largest independent Turkic state in Central Asia, Kazakhstan encompasses approximately 2.7 million square kilometers. The terrain is mainly treeless steppe and desert, with arid to semi-arid climates. Certain regions of Kazakhstan feature rocky canyons, snow-peaked mountains and conifer forests (taigas). Different wildlife species flourish in different regions of the country.

Kazakhstan's desert life includes snakes, lizards and other reptiles;

jerboas, gophers and other rodents; and larger animals such as gazelles. Deer, boars, jackals and other mammals live near lakes and rivers. The steppes are home to deer, antelope, badgers, wolves and foxes. In the mountains roam snow leopards, bears and smaller species including lynxes, ibexes, boars and wolves.

B irds of Kazakhstan are diverse. Large species such as vultures and eagles nest in the mountains. Observers in the steppes spot falcons, hawks, pheasants, grouse and partridges.

Kazakhstan maintains a number of nature reserves. The oldest, established in 1927, is Aksu-Zhabagly. Within its 85,000 hectares dwell some 50 mammal and 240 bird species, including the snow leopard, red bear and golden eagle.

In eastern Kazakhstan, Caspian deer and bears are among the more than 80 animal species in the Markakol Natural Reserve. A mountain lake is home to the unusual uskuch whitefish.

The rare white heron is a distinguished inhabitant of the Naurzum. One reserve. Kurgaldzhino is remarkable for its rare bird species, including the mute swan and Dalmatian pelican. The Ustyurt Reserve is noted for its reptilians.

Various international organizations have been active in preserving Kazakhstan's natural assets. Expert-guided wildlife tours are available.