
- •Астана 2012
- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Text 1: Hunting
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions.
- •5. Retell the text Text 2: Hunting Methods for Beginners
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian :
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3.Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text Text 6: Animals and birds of Kazakhstan
- •Exercises
- •1.Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 9: Birds of prey
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 12: Wildlife
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text Text 15: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •Text 16: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text texts for collateral reading Hare
- •Text 2: Deer
- •Text 3 Moose
- •Text 5: Marmots Baibak
- •Text 6: Environmental protection
- •Text 7: Reserves and National Parks
- •Грамматический справочник
- •1. Explain the use of Present Perfect in the following sentences and translate:
- •Break, buy, finish, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, and take
- •3. Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. Write sentences about the things she has done. Use the Present Perfect:
- •4. Write the verb in brackets in the present perfect form:
- •5. Ask again:
- •1. Look at these sentences and explain the difference between them:
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.):
- •3. Finish the sentences:
- •4. Choose the correct tense:
- •5. Answer these questions using the past perfect. Start your answer with the word in bracket:
- •1. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •2. Finish the following sentences:
- •3. Say what you will have done:
- •4. Make up the sentences and translate them:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form:
- •1. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive:
- •4. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence:
- •5. Use the words below to write questions in the Passive. Answer them:
- •Infinitive of the Passive Voice
- •1. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they', write a passive sentence:
- •2. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive:
- •3. Turn these sentences into the Passive Voice:
- •Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •1. Translate into your native language, pay attention to tenses:
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in the Past tense:
- •3. Open the brackets and chose necessary tense:
- •Reported speech Косвенная речь
- •Reported Questions Вопросы в косвенной речи
- •Subjunctive mood Сослагательное наклонение
- •Образование форм сослагательного наклонения
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения
- •Conditional sentences Условные предложения
- •Interrogative sentences Вопросительные предложения
- •Специальный вопрос.
- •Альтернативный вопрос.
- •Разделительный вопрос.
- •1. Read and translate the following questions. Answer them:
- •2. Put your own yes /no questions.
- •3. Alternative questions. Read, answer them and make up your questions:
- •4. Tail questions. Read and answer them. Put your own questions:
- •5. Put the words in the right order to ask a question and write true answers:
- •6. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it:
- •Linking words. (1) Слова – связки (1)
- •E.G.: I wake up at 7.00 and I switch on the radio.
- •Linking words (2) Слова – связки (2)
- •The Infinitive Инфинитив
- •I heard him sing – я слышал, как он поет.
- •Инфинитивные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление инфинитива
- •Инфинитив как член предложения
- •1. Insert the particle “to” before Infinitive, where necessary:
- •2. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Active Infinitive and Passive Infinitive:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Perfect Infinitive:
- •4. Open the brackets, use necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •5. Change the parts of the sentences:
- •6. Open the brackets to insert the necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •7. Complete the sentences, using a verb given below:
- •The infinitive of purpose
- •2. Rewrite the sentences, using to – infinitive:
- •4. Tick the correct sentence:
- •6. Read the sentences about the past. Make negative sentences about the future:
- •The Gerund Герундий Герундиальные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление герундия
- •Герундий как член предложения.
- •1. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:
- •2. Complete these sentences, putting the verbs into the gerund and using one of the following prepositions. Some of them are used more than once:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:.
- •4. Open the brackets, using the Gerund in active or passive forms:
- •5. Translate into your native language, pay attention to nouns and pronouns before the Gerund:
- •6. Fill the gaps with the gerund from the box. Use each verb once only:
- •7. Write these sentences, changing the verbs into gerunds:
- •8. Rewrite these sentences, starting with a gerund. You may need to change
- •10. Complete the sentences using the Gerund:
- •Revision for all materials
- •1 Variant
- •2 Variant
- •3 Variant
- •4 Variant
- •5 Variant
- •6 Variant
- •7 Variant
- •Examination tests test-1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Bibliograhpy
Conditional sentences Условные предложения
Условные предложения употребляются, для того чтобы назвать действие, которое не происходит или не произошло, так как для этого не было или нет соответствующих условий.
В английском языке имеются четыре типа условных предложений: Zero conditional sentences (условные предложения нулевого типа), First conditional sentences (условные предложения первого типа), Second conditional sentences (условные предложения второго типа), Third conditional sentences (условные предложения третьего типа).
- Zero conditional sentences используются для выражения обычного реального действия, которое является логическим следствием из ряда данных условий.
e.g.:If it rains, I take my umbrella. – Если идет дождь (обычно), я беру свой зонт.
Придаточное предложения: (If+ Present Indefinite) If it rains, |
Главное предложение: [Present Indefinite] I take my umbrella. |
- First Conditional sentences используются для выражения вполне реального настоящего или будущего действия, которое может состояться, если будут соблюдены необходимые для этого условия:
e.g.: If it rains, I will take my umbrella. – Если пойдет дождь (в будущем), то я возьму свой зонт.
If I have more time, I will come over. – Если у меня будет больше времени, я зайду в гости.
Придаточное предложения: (If+ Present Indefinite /Continuous) If it rains, |
Главное предложение: [will + Infinitive] I will take my umbrella. |
- Second conditional sentences используются для выражения действия, которое является нереальным в нынешний момент, так как для его осуществления в настоящий момент не соблюдены определенные условия.
e.g.: If it rained, I would take my umbrella. – Если бы шел дождь, я бы взял зонт (но дождя нет.)
If I had more time, I would come to see you. – Если бы у меня было больше времени, я бы пришел повидать (но у меня нет времени.)
Придаточное предложения: (If+ Past Indefinite /Continuous) If it rained, |
Главное предложение: [would/could/might + Infinitive] I would take my umbrella. |
- Third conditional sentences используются для выражения действия, которое являлось нереальным в прошлом, так как для его осуществления не были соблюдены определенные условия.
e.g.:If it rained, I would have taken my umbrella. – Если бы шел дождь (тогда), я бы взял зонт (но дождя не было).
If I had had more time, I would have come to see you. - Если бы у меня было больше времени (тогда), я бы пришел тебя проведать (но у меня не было времени).
Придаточное предложения: (If+ Past Perfect) If it had rained, |
Главное предложение: [would/could/might +have+ Participle II] I would have taken my umbrella. |
Кроме того, существуют два смешанных типа для выражения нереального действия.
- в том случае, когда условия относятся к сфере прошедшего времени, а последствия – к сфере настоящего.
e.g.: If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would have felt better now.
- Если бы ты принял лекарства вчера, то ты бы чувствовал себя лучше сегодня.
- в том случае, когда условие не прикреплено ни к какой определенной временной сфере, а последствие относится к сфере прошедшего времени.
e.g.: If he were not so absent-minded, he would not have forgotten to take his medicine. – Если бы он не был таким рассеянным (вообще), он не забыл бы принять лекарства (вчера).
Действие, неосуществимое в настоящем или неосуществленное в прошлом с нереальными условиями, может быть выражено в следующих условных предложениях сокращенного типа. Началом, для которых служат особые конструкции:
- But for + существительное / местоимение – Если бы не …
e.g.: But for the rain we would go to the country. – Если бы не шел дождь, мы бы поехали за город (нереальное настоящее).
But for the rain we would have already arrived. – Если бы не дождь, мы бы уже приехали (нереальное прошедшее).
- If it were not for + существительное / местоимение – Если бы не …
e.g.: If it were not for your help I would not have done this work. - Если бы не твоя помощь, я бы не сделал эту работу.
- в придаточных предложениях, вводимых союзами as if/ as though как будто.
e.g.: He spoke as if he were a specialist on this subject. - Он говорил так, как будто он был специалистом по этому вопросу.
- в дополнительных придаточных предложениях, вводимых конструкцией I wish … для выражения желания; на русский язык конструкция переводится Как жаль, что …:
e.g.: I wish he were with us now! – Как жаль, что он не с нами сейчас!
I wish I had already done this work! – Как жаль, что я еще не сделал эту работу!
1. Open the brackets, write each sentence three times, forming conditional sentences I,II,III types:
e.g.: If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.
If you are free, I shall come to see you.
If you were free, I should come to see you.
If you had been free, I should have come to see you.
1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.2. If I (to lived) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 3. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 4. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 5. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 6. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university. 7. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 8. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 9. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 10. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) at the examination.
2. Rewrite each following sentences twice, forming sentences II and III types:
1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. If no one comes to help, we shall be obliged to do the work ourselves. 3. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 4. What shall we do if they are late? 5. Will you be very angry if we don’t come? 6. Will he be very displeased if I don’t ring him up? 7. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 8. If he doesn’t come in time, shall we have to wait for him?
3. Open the brackets, using verbs in necessary forms:
1 I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur-coat. 2. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 3. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 4. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 5. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 6. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 7. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do. 8. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have0 so many admirers. 9. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 10. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student.
4. Form the conditional sentences:
1. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If… 2. You felt the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If …. 3. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If … 4. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If… 5. Why didn’t you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If … 6. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If … 7. The travelers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If … 8. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If … 9. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very god for living because it is situated close to a chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If … 10. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If … .
5. Make and read all possible conditional sentences I type:
If I |
live in the south come home late live in the country go to the wood receive his letter fall ill find the book loose my money see my friend |
I shall |
bathe every day. go to bed at once. often go to the wood. gather many mushrooms. be very glad. go to the doctor. be very happy. be very sorry. ask his advice. |