
- •Астана 2012
- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Text 1: Hunting
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions.
- •5. Retell the text Text 2: Hunting Methods for Beginners
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian :
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3.Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text Text 6: Animals and birds of Kazakhstan
- •Exercises
- •1.Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 9: Birds of prey
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 12: Wildlife
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text Text 15: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •Text 16: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text texts for collateral reading Hare
- •Text 2: Deer
- •Text 3 Moose
- •Text 5: Marmots Baibak
- •Text 6: Environmental protection
- •Text 7: Reserves and National Parks
- •Грамматический справочник
- •1. Explain the use of Present Perfect in the following sentences and translate:
- •Break, buy, finish, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, and take
- •3. Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. Write sentences about the things she has done. Use the Present Perfect:
- •4. Write the verb in brackets in the present perfect form:
- •5. Ask again:
- •1. Look at these sentences and explain the difference between them:
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.):
- •3. Finish the sentences:
- •4. Choose the correct tense:
- •5. Answer these questions using the past perfect. Start your answer with the word in bracket:
- •1. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •2. Finish the following sentences:
- •3. Say what you will have done:
- •4. Make up the sentences and translate them:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form:
- •1. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive:
- •4. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence:
- •5. Use the words below to write questions in the Passive. Answer them:
- •Infinitive of the Passive Voice
- •1. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they', write a passive sentence:
- •2. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive:
- •3. Turn these sentences into the Passive Voice:
- •Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •1. Translate into your native language, pay attention to tenses:
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in the Past tense:
- •3. Open the brackets and chose necessary tense:
- •Reported speech Косвенная речь
- •Reported Questions Вопросы в косвенной речи
- •Subjunctive mood Сослагательное наклонение
- •Образование форм сослагательного наклонения
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения
- •Conditional sentences Условные предложения
- •Interrogative sentences Вопросительные предложения
- •Специальный вопрос.
- •Альтернативный вопрос.
- •Разделительный вопрос.
- •1. Read and translate the following questions. Answer them:
- •2. Put your own yes /no questions.
- •3. Alternative questions. Read, answer them and make up your questions:
- •4. Tail questions. Read and answer them. Put your own questions:
- •5. Put the words in the right order to ask a question and write true answers:
- •6. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it:
- •Linking words. (1) Слова – связки (1)
- •E.G.: I wake up at 7.00 and I switch on the radio.
- •Linking words (2) Слова – связки (2)
- •The Infinitive Инфинитив
- •I heard him sing – я слышал, как он поет.
- •Инфинитивные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление инфинитива
- •Инфинитив как член предложения
- •1. Insert the particle “to” before Infinitive, where necessary:
- •2. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Active Infinitive and Passive Infinitive:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Perfect Infinitive:
- •4. Open the brackets, use necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •5. Change the parts of the sentences:
- •6. Open the brackets to insert the necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •7. Complete the sentences, using a verb given below:
- •The infinitive of purpose
- •2. Rewrite the sentences, using to – infinitive:
- •4. Tick the correct sentence:
- •6. Read the sentences about the past. Make negative sentences about the future:
- •The Gerund Герундий Герундиальные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление герундия
- •Герундий как член предложения.
- •1. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:
- •2. Complete these sentences, putting the verbs into the gerund and using one of the following prepositions. Some of them are used more than once:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:.
- •4. Open the brackets, using the Gerund in active or passive forms:
- •5. Translate into your native language, pay attention to nouns and pronouns before the Gerund:
- •6. Fill the gaps with the gerund from the box. Use each verb once only:
- •7. Write these sentences, changing the verbs into gerunds:
- •8. Rewrite these sentences, starting with a gerund. You may need to change
- •10. Complete the sentences using the Gerund:
- •Revision for all materials
- •1 Variant
- •2 Variant
- •3 Variant
- •4 Variant
- •5 Variant
- •6 Variant
- •7 Variant
- •Examination tests test-1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Bibliograhpy
Subjunctive mood Сослагательное наклонение
Сослагательное наклонение выражает предполагаемое или желательное действие.
В современном английском языке сохранилось лишь небольшое число особых форм сослагательного наклонения, отличных от форм изъявительного наклонения.
Образование форм сослагательного наклонения
- глагол to be имеет в настоящем времени форму be для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа. В прошедшем времени глагол to be имеет форму were для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа.
Present Tense |
Past Tense* |
I be He (she, it) be We be You be They be |
I were He(she, it) were We were You were They were |
- формы be и were употребляются также для образования Present и Past сослагательного наклонения в страдательном залоге:
Present Tense |
Past Tense* |
I be sent He (she, it) be sent We be sent You be sent They be sent |
I were sent He(she, it) were sent We were sent You were sent They were sent |
- все остальные глаголы отличаются в сослагательном наклонении от изъявительного наклонения только формой 3-го лица настоящего времени, не имеющей окончания – s:
Present Tense |
I work He (she, it) work We work You work They work |
* Формы Subjunctive mood главным образом используются в условных придаточных предложениях:
e.g.:If I were you, I would not go there. – Если бы я была на твоем месте, я бы туда не пошла.
If we were sent there, we would be happy.- Мы были бы счастливы, если бы нас туда послали.
Употребление сослагательного наклонения
Форма как глагола, так и всех других глаголов употребляется:
- в придаточных с союза that после безличных оборотов типа it is necessary необходимо, it is important важно, it is desirable желательно, it is recommended рекомендуется, , it is suggested предложено, it is demanded требуется и т.д.
e.g.: It is important that he be there at five o’clock. - Важно, чтобы он был здесь в пять часов.
It was necessary that they take measures immediately. - Было необходимо, чтобы они приняли меры немедленно.
Здесь также может употребляться вспомогательный глагол should с инфинитивом смыслового глагола:
e.g.: It is important that he should be there at five o’clock.
It was necessary that she should come there tomorrow.
В дополнительных придаточных предложениях, зависящих от глаголов, выражающих приказание, предложение, решимость, договоренность- to order, to command приказывать, to suggest, to propose предполагать, to decide решать, to agree соглашаться и т.д.:
e.g.: He ordered that the goods be sent immediately. – Он приказал, чтобы товары были отправлены немедленно.
I suggested that the question be discussed at the next meeting. - Я предложил, чтобы вопрос был обсужден на следующем собрании.
- в придаточных предложениях цели после союза lest , если в главном предложении выражено опасение, тревога: I fear lest … боюсь, как бы не …,I am anxious lest … беспокоюсь, как бы не …, The anxiety lest … опасение, как бы не …:
They covered the wheat with canvas lest it be damaged by rain. – Они покрыли пшеницу брезентом, чтобы она не была повреждена.
Здесь также может употребляться вспомогательный глагол should и инфинитив смыслового глагола.
e.g.: I fear lest he should be late. – Боюсь, как бы он не опоздал.
He was anxious lest they should forget about it. – Он волновался, как бы они не забыли об этом.
Кроме того, в составе сослагательного наклонения имеются четыре типа условных предложений.