- •Астана 2012
- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Text 1: Hunting
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions.
- •5. Retell the text Text 2: Hunting Methods for Beginners
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian :
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3.Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text Text 6: Animals and birds of Kazakhstan
- •Exercises
- •1.Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 9: Birds of prey
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 12: Wildlife
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text Text 15: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •Text 16: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text texts for collateral reading Hare
- •Text 2: Deer
- •Text 3 Moose
- •Text 5: Marmots Baibak
- •Text 6: Environmental protection
- •Text 7: Reserves and National Parks
- •Грамматический справочник
- •1. Explain the use of Present Perfect in the following sentences and translate:
- •Break, buy, finish, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, and take
- •3. Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. Write sentences about the things she has done. Use the Present Perfect:
- •4. Write the verb in brackets in the present perfect form:
- •5. Ask again:
- •1. Look at these sentences and explain the difference between them:
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.):
- •3. Finish the sentences:
- •4. Choose the correct tense:
- •5. Answer these questions using the past perfect. Start your answer with the word in bracket:
- •1. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •2. Finish the following sentences:
- •3. Say what you will have done:
- •4. Make up the sentences and translate them:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form:
- •1. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive:
- •4. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence:
- •5. Use the words below to write questions in the Passive. Answer them:
- •Infinitive of the Passive Voice
- •1. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they', write a passive sentence:
- •2. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive:
- •3. Turn these sentences into the Passive Voice:
- •Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •1. Translate into your native language, pay attention to tenses:
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in the Past tense:
- •3. Open the brackets and chose necessary tense:
- •Reported speech Косвенная речь
- •Reported Questions Вопросы в косвенной речи
- •Subjunctive mood Сослагательное наклонение
- •Образование форм сослагательного наклонения
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения
- •Conditional sentences Условные предложения
- •Interrogative sentences Вопросительные предложения
- •Специальный вопрос.
- •Альтернативный вопрос.
- •Разделительный вопрос.
- •1. Read and translate the following questions. Answer them:
- •2. Put your own yes /no questions.
- •3. Alternative questions. Read, answer them and make up your questions:
- •4. Tail questions. Read and answer them. Put your own questions:
- •5. Put the words in the right order to ask a question and write true answers:
- •6. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it:
- •Linking words. (1) Слова – связки (1)
- •E.G.: I wake up at 7.00 and I switch on the radio.
- •Linking words (2) Слова – связки (2)
- •The Infinitive Инфинитив
- •I heard him sing – я слышал, как он поет.
- •Инфинитивные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление инфинитива
- •Инфинитив как член предложения
- •1. Insert the particle “to” before Infinitive, where necessary:
- •2. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Active Infinitive and Passive Infinitive:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Perfect Infinitive:
- •4. Open the brackets, use necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •5. Change the parts of the sentences:
- •6. Open the brackets to insert the necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •7. Complete the sentences, using a verb given below:
- •The infinitive of purpose
- •2. Rewrite the sentences, using to – infinitive:
- •4. Tick the correct sentence:
- •6. Read the sentences about the past. Make negative sentences about the future:
- •The Gerund Герундий Герундиальные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление герундия
- •Герундий как член предложения.
- •1. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:
- •2. Complete these sentences, putting the verbs into the gerund and using one of the following prepositions. Some of them are used more than once:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:.
- •4. Open the brackets, using the Gerund in active or passive forms:
- •5. Translate into your native language, pay attention to nouns and pronouns before the Gerund:
- •6. Fill the gaps with the gerund from the box. Use each verb once only:
- •7. Write these sentences, changing the verbs into gerunds:
- •8. Rewrite these sentences, starting with a gerund. You may need to change
- •10. Complete the sentences using the Gerund:
- •Revision for all materials
- •1 Variant
- •2 Variant
- •3 Variant
- •4 Variant
- •5 Variant
- •6 Variant
- •7 Variant
- •Examination tests test-1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Bibliograhpy
1. Translate these sentences into Russian:
1. I will have read the book by the time you come. 2 He will have done this work by the end of the month. 3. I’ll have a talk with you after I’ll have written this letter. 4. I’ll have finished this work by 5 o’clock. 5. She will have translated the article by the time the director returns. 6. They will not have made up their mind when they come back. 7. Mother will have cooked dinner by 2 o’clock. 8. By the end of August birds will have flown to the South. 9. When father comes from his work I will have fallen asleep. 10. What will Mary have done by 11 o’clock?
2. Finish the following sentences:
1. They will have painted the walls by … 2. My mother will have washed the linen by … 3. Jimmy will have taken his exams by … 4. When I come to see my uncle he will have … 5. When I ring them up they … 6. They will have packed their things when you … 7. The Whites will have discussed the article when Mr. Mason … 8. Miss Jackson will have done the shopping when her daughter …
3. Say what you will have done:
By 10 o’clock in the morning; By the end of the week; By the first July; By the time your mother returns; By the time your friend phones; By Monday; By next summer; By his departure; By tomorrow evening.
4. Make up the sentences and translate them:
Jill finished the work when I see her (him)
Mr. Mane cooked dinner when they come
The children taken the exam when he returns
You done the work by 10 in the morning
My friends will have talked to Mr. Brown by the evening
The man planted some trees by late October
Her mother done the shopping by next winter
His uncle read the novel by 5 o’clock
5. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form:
1. By half past 7 we (have) supper. 2. The baker’s shop (close) by suppertime. 3. By the end of the year I (read) two books of Essential English. 4. I (finish) this work before you go away. 5. By the time next week you (take) your examination. 6. We (leave) Mr. Priestley’s house before it gets dark. 7. The dance (start) before we get there. 8. I hope it (stop) raining before we have to go. 9. He (finish) the building of the house before summer. 10. The birds (fly) away before the winter comes.
Complex Object
Конструкция “сложное дополнение”
1. В английском языке существует конструкция, называемая “сложным дополнением”. Она состоит из двух частей: первая часть- существительное в общем падеже (или местоимение в объектном падеже), обозначающее лицо или предмет, вторая часть – инфинитив, который выражает действие, производимое этим лицом.
Вся конструкция выполняет в предложении функцию дополнения, употребляется лишь после некоторых глаголов и частично переводится на русский язык с помощью дополнительного придаточного предложения:
e.g.: I want him to go home. Я хочу, чтобы он пошел домой.
(лицо) (действие)
2. После глаголов to want, to expect и выражения should (would) в конструкции “сложное дополнение” вторая часть выражена инфинитивом глагола с to. На русский язык “сложное дополнение” после глагола to want и выражения should (would) like переводится как дополнительное придаточное предложение с союзом чтобы, а после глагола to expect – как дополнительное придаточное предложение с союзом что:
e.g.:
I want you to understand me. |
Я хочу, чтобы вы поняли меня. |
What do you want him to do for you? |
Что вы хотите, чтобы он для вас сделал? |
He doesn’t want us to do it now. |
Он хочет, чтобы мы сделали это сейчас. |
I expect you to write to me. |
Надеюсь (ожидаю), что вы напишите мне. |
I’d like you to read this book. |
Я хотел, чтобы вы прочитали эту книгу. |
He would like us to begin learning French. |
Ему хотелось, чтобы мы начали изучать французский язык. |
Конструкция “сложное дополнение” после глаголов восприятия.
После глаголов, выражающих восприятия посредством органов чувств, например: to see видеть,to watch наблюдать,to notice замечать,to hear слышать,to feel чувствовать и др. в конструкции “сложное дополнение” вторая часть выражается инфинитивом глагола без to или причастием 1. На русский язык сложное дополнение после этих глаголов переводится дополнительным придаточным предложением с союзами как или что:
e.g.: I’ve seen them go into the room. Я видел, что они вошли в комнату.
I saw him writing something. Я видел, как (что) он что-то написал
I saw him fall while getting off Я видел, как он упал, когда сходил
the bus. с автобуса.
Значение различных видов сложного дополнения не всегда одинаково. Так, сложное дополнение с Причастием 1 переводится предложением с глаголом несовершенного вида, а сложное дополнение с инфинитивом переводится предложением с глаголом совершенного вида. Существует и некоторая разница в употреблении различных видов сложного дополнения. Поскольку Причастие 1 показывает одновременность выражаемого им действия с действием, выраженным сказуемым, то для обозначения ряда последовательных действий употребляется инфинитивы:
e.g.: I saw him come into the room, Я видел, что (как) он вошел в
sit down at the table, open the комнату,сел за стол и начал
book and begin reading. читать.
примечание: глаголы to see видеть,to hear слышать подобно соответствующим русским глаголам, могут употребляться также в значениях: to see понимать, to hear узнать что-либо от кого-либо. В этих значениях после них употребляются дополнительные придаточные предложения:
e.g.: I see that you are right. Я вижу (= я понимаю), что вы правы.
I heard that the Petrovs Я слышал (= я узнал от кого-то), что
had left Moscow. Петровы уехали из Москвы.
1. Finish the sentences, using the complex object:
e.g.: “Bring me a book,” said my brother to me.
My brother wanted me to bring him a book.
1. “Wait for me after school,” said Ann to me. – Ann wanted…. 2. “Fix the shelf in the kitchen,” my father said to me. – My father wanted… 3. “It will be very good if you study English,” said my mother to me. – My mother wanted … 4. “Bring me some water from the river, children” said our grandmother. – My grandmother wanted … 5. “Come to my birthday party,” said Kate to her classmates- Kate wanted… 6. The biology teacher said to us: “Collect some insects in summer.” – The biology teacher wanted … 7. “Don’t eat ice-cream before dinner,” said our mother to us. – Our mother did not want … 8. The teacher said to the pupils: “Learn the rule.” – The teacher wanted … .9. “Be careful, or else you will spill the milk,” said mother to me. – My mother did not want… .10. “My daughter will go to a ballet school,” said the woman. – The woman wanted…
-
I expect him to come
I know him to be a good pupil
2. Rewrite the following sentences, using complex object instead subordinate sentences:
e.g.: I expect that she will send me a letter. I expect her to send me a letter.
I expect that he is a great scientist. I expect him to be a great scientist.
1. I did not expect that my brother would forget to send her flowers. 2. He knows that my mother is a very kind woman. 3. She expected that her brother would bring her a book. 4. I know that your uncle is an excellent mathematician. 5. People expect that the 21st century will bring peace on the earth. 6. I know that my friend is a just man. 7. I expect that he will understand your problem and help you to solve it. 8. I expected that she would behave quite differently.
-
I like her to sing.
I hate her to cry.
3. Translate the following sentences into your native language:
I. I like children to laugh. 2. She doesn’t like me to argue with her. 3. She didn’t like us to come late. 4. She hates me too late. 5. Our teacher likes us to ask many questions. 6. I hate you to forget your duties. 7. Grandmother likes Lena to play the piano. 8. Father likes me to speak English. 9. My grandfather didn’t like children to talk at the table. 10. He hated us to break toys. 11 he liked us to play quiet games.
-
Mother made me eat the soup.
4. Translate the following sentences into your native language:
1. The teacher made her rewrite the exercise. 2. She made the dog jump over the fence. 3. He made his brother jump in water. 4. Rain made us return home. 5. Make her put on the coat: today is very cold. 6. Why didn’t you make your son learn the poem by heart? 7. I can’t make my cat catch mice. 8. When can you make your friend do exercises? 9. Please, don’t make me drink milk. 10. She couldn’t make him go to bed early.
-
I saw him enter. – I saw him entering.
I heard her speak – I heard her speaking.
I noticed him frown. – I noticed him frowning.
I felt him tremble. – I felt him trembling.
5. Rephrase the following sentences, using complex subject with participle;
e.g.: He was reading in the garden. She saw him.
She saw him reading in the garden.
1. The girl was singing. I heard her. 2. They were talking about computers. He heard them. 3. You and your friend were walking along the street yesterday. I saw you. 4. The little girls were playing on the grass. We watched them. 5. The ship was leaving the port. He stood and looked at it. 6. He was sleeping peacefully in her bed. Mother watched her. 7. The cat was rubbing itself on my leg. I felt it. 8. They were fishing. The teacher watched them. 10. A caterpillar as crawling on my arm. I felt it.
The Passive Voice
Страдательный залог
Залог (voice) - это форма глагола, которая показывает отношение действия, выраженного этим глаголом, к лицу или предмету, выраженному подлежащим предложения. Если подлежащее предложения обозначает лицо или предмет, который сам совершает действие (в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем), то глагол-сказуемое стоит в действительном залоге. Если подлежащее предложения обозначает лицо или предмет, который испытывает действие, совершаемое другим лицом или предметом (настоящем, прошедшем или будущем), то глагол- сказуемое стоит в страдательном залоге.
e.g.: He often invites me to his place.
Он часто приглашает меня к себе. (действительный залог)
I am often invited to his place.
Меня часто приглашают к нему. (страдательный залог)
Форма страдательного залога образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени и третьей основной формы смыслового глагола.
e.g.: (to) invite – I am invited (приглашать – меня приглашают
I was invited меня приглашали
I shall be invited меня пригласят)
В форме страдательного залога могут быть только переходные глаголы.
Переходным в английском языке называется любой глагол, после которого в действительном залоге стоит прямое дополнение, например: believe (верить),build (строить),drink (пить), give (давать),hear (слышать),open (открывать),read (читать), see (видеть),take (брать) и др.
Непереходными глаголами называются такие , которые не требуют после себя дополнения:come (приходить), fly (летать), live (жить), run (бежать), think (думать) и др.
В страдательном залоге в основном употребляются Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple. Значительно реже употребляются Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect, Present Continuous, Past Continuous. Форм Future Continuous, а также всех времен группы Perfect Continuous глагол в страдательном залоге не имеет.
Страдательный залог (passive voice) употребляется обычно тогда, когда не известно, кто совершает действие. Важно лишь, какое действие совершается и кто его испытывает.
e.g.: I was asked to do it. Меня попросили это сделать. (а не вас).
Здесь важно, что попросили именно меня, а не другого; кто попросил не важно.
e.g.: I was asked to help him, and I did it. (I helped him) Меня попросили ему помочь, и я ему помог.
Здесь важно, почему я это сделал. Я ему помог, потому что меня об этом попросили.
e.g.: His suit was pressed, his shoes gleamed brightly.
They were never seen otherwise than together.
ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА В СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ
Число |
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
1. Present Indefinite Passive |
|||
ед. |
I am asked. You are asked. He (she, it) asked |
Am I asked? Are you asked? Is he (she, it) asked? |
I am not asked You are not asked He (she, it) not asked |
мн. |
We (you, they) are asked |
Are we (you, they) asked? |
We (you, they) are not asked |
2. Past Indefinite Passive |
|||
ед. |
I (he, she, it) was asked. You were asked. |
Was I (he, she, it) asked? Were you asked? |
I (he, she, it) was not asked. You were not asked |
мн. |
We (you, they) were asked |
Were we ( you, they ) asked? |
We (you, they) were not asked |
3. Future Indefinite Passive |
|||
ед. |
I shall be asked. You (he, she, it) will be asked |
Shall I be asked? Will you (he, she , it)be asked? |
I shall not be asked. You (he, she, it) not be asked. |
мн. |
We shall be asked. You (they)will be asked |
Shall we be asked? Will you (they)be asked? |
We shall not be asked. You (they)will not be asked. |
4. Present Perfect Passive |
|||
ед. |
I ( you) have been asked He (she, it) has been asked |
Have I (you) been asked? Has he (she, it) been asked? |
I (you) have not been asked. He (she, it) has been asked. |
мн. |
We (you, they) have been asked |
Have we (you, they) been asked? |
We (you, they) have not been asked. |
5. Past Perfect Passive |
|||
ед. и мн |
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) had been asked |
Had I (you, he, she, it, we, they) been asked? |
I (you, he, she, it, we, they) had not asked. |
6. Future Perfect Passive |
|||
ед. |
I shall have been asked. You (he, she, it) will have been asked |
Shall I have been asked? Will you (he, she, it) have been asked? |
I shall not have been asked. You (he, she, it) will not have been asked |
мн. |
We shall have been asked You (they) will have been asked
|
Shall we have been asked? Will you (they) have been asked? |
We shall not have been asked You (they) will not have been asked
|
Страдательный залог в английском языке употребляется значительно чаще, чем в русском. В английском языке есть несколько типов предложений с глаголом- сказуемым в страдательном залоге: предложения с прямым пассивом, косвенным пассивом и предложным пассивом.
Прямой пассив – это конструкция, в которой подлежащее предложения соответствует прямому дополнению предложения с глаголом в действительном залоге.
I gave him a book.
Я дала ему книгу.
‘ a book’- прямое дополнение в предложении с глаголом в действительном залоге.
A book was given to him
Ему дали книгу.
‘а book’ - подлежащее в предложении с глаголом в страдательном залоге.
Прямой пассив образуется от большинства переходных глаголов
e.g.: The name was written in block letters.
He had been sent to school in Munich.