
- •Астана 2012
- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Text 1: Hunting
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions.
- •5. Retell the text Text 2: Hunting Methods for Beginners
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian :
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3.Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text Text 6: Animals and birds of Kazakhstan
- •Exercises
- •1.Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 9: Birds of prey
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 12: Wildlife
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text Text 15: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •Text 16: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text texts for collateral reading Hare
- •Text 2: Deer
- •Text 3 Moose
- •Text 5: Marmots Baibak
- •Text 6: Environmental protection
- •Text 7: Reserves and National Parks
- •Грамматический справочник
- •1. Explain the use of Present Perfect in the following sentences and translate:
- •Break, buy, finish, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, and take
- •3. Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. Write sentences about the things she has done. Use the Present Perfect:
- •4. Write the verb in brackets in the present perfect form:
- •5. Ask again:
- •1. Look at these sentences and explain the difference between them:
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.):
- •3. Finish the sentences:
- •4. Choose the correct tense:
- •5. Answer these questions using the past perfect. Start your answer with the word in bracket:
- •1. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •2. Finish the following sentences:
- •3. Say what you will have done:
- •4. Make up the sentences and translate them:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form:
- •1. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive:
- •4. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence:
- •5. Use the words below to write questions in the Passive. Answer them:
- •Infinitive of the Passive Voice
- •1. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they', write a passive sentence:
- •2. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive:
- •3. Turn these sentences into the Passive Voice:
- •Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •1. Translate into your native language, pay attention to tenses:
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in the Past tense:
- •3. Open the brackets and chose necessary tense:
- •Reported speech Косвенная речь
- •Reported Questions Вопросы в косвенной речи
- •Subjunctive mood Сослагательное наклонение
- •Образование форм сослагательного наклонения
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения
- •Conditional sentences Условные предложения
- •Interrogative sentences Вопросительные предложения
- •Специальный вопрос.
- •Альтернативный вопрос.
- •Разделительный вопрос.
- •1. Read and translate the following questions. Answer them:
- •2. Put your own yes /no questions.
- •3. Alternative questions. Read, answer them and make up your questions:
- •4. Tail questions. Read and answer them. Put your own questions:
- •5. Put the words in the right order to ask a question and write true answers:
- •6. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it:
- •Linking words. (1) Слова – связки (1)
- •E.G.: I wake up at 7.00 and I switch on the radio.
- •Linking words (2) Слова – связки (2)
- •The Infinitive Инфинитив
- •I heard him sing – я слышал, как он поет.
- •Инфинитивные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление инфинитива
- •Инфинитив как член предложения
- •1. Insert the particle “to” before Infinitive, where necessary:
- •2. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Active Infinitive and Passive Infinitive:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Perfect Infinitive:
- •4. Open the brackets, use necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •5. Change the parts of the sentences:
- •6. Open the brackets to insert the necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •7. Complete the sentences, using a verb given below:
- •The infinitive of purpose
- •2. Rewrite the sentences, using to – infinitive:
- •4. Tick the correct sentence:
- •6. Read the sentences about the past. Make negative sentences about the future:
- •The Gerund Герундий Герундиальные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление герундия
- •Герундий как член предложения.
- •1. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:
- •2. Complete these sentences, putting the verbs into the gerund and using one of the following prepositions. Some of them are used more than once:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:.
- •4. Open the brackets, using the Gerund in active or passive forms:
- •5. Translate into your native language, pay attention to nouns and pronouns before the Gerund:
- •6. Fill the gaps with the gerund from the box. Use each verb once only:
- •7. Write these sentences, changing the verbs into gerunds:
- •8. Rewrite these sentences, starting with a gerund. You may need to change
- •10. Complete the sentences using the Gerund:
- •Revision for all materials
- •1 Variant
- •2 Variant
- •3 Variant
- •4 Variant
- •5 Variant
- •6 Variant
- •7 Variant
- •Examination tests test-1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Bibliograhpy
Text 3 Moose
T
he moose
(North
America)or Eurasian
elk (Europe)
(Alces
alces)
is the largest extant species
in
the deer family.
Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of
the males; other members of the family have antlers with
a dendritic (“twig-like”)
configuration. Moose typically inhabit boreal and
mixed
deciduous forests of
the Northern
Hampshire
in temperate to subarctic climates.
Moose used to have a much wider range but hunting and other human
activities greatly reduced it over the years. Moose have been
re-introduced to some of their former habitats. Their diet consists
of both terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. The most common moose
predators are wolves, bears, and humans. Unlike most other deer
species, moose are solitary
animals and
do not form herds. Although generally slow-moving and sedentary,
moose can become aggressive and move surprisingly fast if angered or
startled. Their mating season in the autumn can lead to spectacular
fights between males competing for the right to mate with a
particular female.
In North America, the moose range includes almost all of Canada (excluding the arctic), most of Alaska, northern New England and upstate New York, the upper Rocky Mountains, northeastern Minnesota, Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, and Isle Royale in Lake Superior. Within this massive range, the most diverse range of subspecies exist, containing habitat for four of the six subspecies. In western portions of the continent, moose populations extend well north into Canada (British Columbia and Alberta) and more isolated groups have been verified as far south as the mountains of Utah and Colorado and as far west as the Lake Wenatchee area of the Washington Cascades. In 1978, a few breeding pairs were reintroduced in western Colorado, and the state's moose population is now more than 1,000 with great potential to grow.
In Northeastern North America, the Eastern moose's history is very well documented: moose meat was often a staple in the diet of Native Americans going back centuries and it is a tribe that occupied present day coastal Rhode Island that gave this deer its distinctive name in American English. The Native Americans often used moose hides for leather and its meat as an ingredient in pemmican, a type of dried jerky used as a source of sustenance in winter or on long journeys from home.[12] Eastern tribes also valued moose leather as a source to make moccasins and other decorations.
Text 4
The gray wolf
T
he gray
wolf (Canis
lupus,
excluding the domestic
dog and
the dingo),
also known as the wolf,
is the largest extant wild member of the Canidae family.
Though once abundant over much of Eurasia, North
Africa and North
America,
the gray wolf inhabits a reduced portion of its former range due to
widespread destruction of its territory, human encroachment, and the
resulting human-wolf encounters that sparked broad extirpation.
Even so, the gray wolf is regarded as being of least
concern for
extinction by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature,
when the entire gray wolf population is considered as a whole. Today,
wolves are protected in some areas, hunted for sport in others, or
may be subject to population control or extermination as threats to
livestock, people, and pets.
G
ray
wolves are social predators that live in nuclear families consisting
of a mated pair, their offspring and, occasionally, adopted immature
wolves. They primarily feed onungulates,
which they hunt by wearing them down in short chases. Gray wolves are
typically apex
predators throughout
their range, with only humans and tigers posing
significant threats to them.
Genetic studies reaffirm that the gray wolf is the ancestor of the domestic dog. A number of other Canis lupus subspecies have been identified, though the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion.
In areas where human cultures and wolves both occur, wolves frequently feature in the folklore and mythology of those cultures, both positively and negatively.
Gray wolves are slender, powerfully built animals with large, deeply descending ribcages and sloping backs. Their abdomens are pulled in, and their necks heavily muscled. Their limbs are long and robust, with comparatively small paws. The front paws have five toes each, while the back paws have four. The forelimbs are seemingly pressed into the chest, with the elbows pointed inward, and the feet outward.[24] Females tend to have narrower muzzles and foreheads, thinner necks, slightly shorter legs and less massive shoulders than males.[30] Wolves are very strong for their size, possessing sufficient strength to turn over a frozen horse or moose carcass.