Text 1: Hunting

Hunting is the practice of pursuing any living thing, usually wildlife, for food, recreation, or trade. In present-day use, the term refers to lawful hunting, as distinguished from poaching, which is the killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species contrary to applicable law. The species which are hunted are referred to as game, and are usually mammals and migratory or non-migratory game birds.

Hunting can also involve the elimination of vermin, as a means of pest control to prevent diseases caused by overpopulation. Hunting advocates state that hunting can be a necessary component of modern wildlife management, for example to help maintain a population of healthy animals within an environment's ecological carrying capacity when natural checks such as predators are absent. In the United States, wildlife managers are frequently part of hunting regulatory and licensing bodies, where they help to set rules on the number, manner and conditions in which game may be hunted.

The pursuit, capture and release, or capture for food of fish is called fishing, which is not commonly categorised as a form of hunting. Trapping is also usually considered a separate activity. It is also not considered hunting to pursue animals without intent to kill them, as in wildlife photography or birdwatching. The practice of hunting for plants or mushrooms is a colloquial term for foraging or gathering.

Skilful tracking and acquisition of an elusive target has caused the word hunting to be used in the vernacular as a metaphor, as in "bargain hunting" or "hunting down corruption and waste".

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Exercises

1. Translate the following words into Russian:

Hunting, wildlife, food, recreation, trade. distinguish, poaching, trapping, capture, non-migratory, involve, elimination, vermin, pest, prevent, diseases, overpopulation, advocate, necessary, component, modern, management, maintain, population, healthy, animal, environment, ecological, carry, capacity, natural, check, predator, absent. manager, frequently, part, regulatory, condition, pursuit, capture, release, trapping, intent, photography, birdwatching, practice, plant, mushroom, colloquial, term, foraging, gathering. skilful, acquisition, elusive, target, cause, vernacular, metaphor, corruption, waste.

2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:

Practice of pursuing, any living thing, recreation, or trade, in present-day use, lawful hunting, contrary to applicable law, migratory or non-migratory game birds, component of modern wildlife management, maintain a population of healthy animals within an environment's ecological carrying capacity, wildlife managers, frequently part of hunting, regulatory and licensing manner and conditions, capture for food of fish, form of hunting, separate activity pursue animals, without intent to kill them, in wildlife photography or birdwatching, for plants or mushrooms, colloquial term, foraging or gathering, skilful tracking, elusive target, bargain hunting