2. Answer the following questions orally:

1. What is electronics?

2. When was electronics born?

3. Where did electronics first establish itself?

4. What does electronics lead to in a larger field?

5. What thinking is electronics doing?

6. In what branches of science and technology is electronics used?

СРС 5

Read the text: Small Hydroelectric

The high capital cost and environmental and social impact of large hydroelectric power plants (large dams) have made small hydroelectric power (SHP) an attractive alternative in recent years. Rather than building huge dams with lakes behind them that submerge entire towns or beautiful rivers and canyons, some countries have opted to generate electricity using small hydroelectric power plants. Switzerland has used the power of melting snow running off the Alps for years. According to a UNESCO survey conducted in China, about 800 of its 2,300 counties can be electrified using SHP and the government is giving preferential loans and tax exemptions to SHP developers.

Other countries are giving assistance for the development of small hydroelectric power. In Nepal, the government is providing loans and materials to SHP equipment manufacturers, and in Pakistan, the Ministery of Science and Technology has subsidized SHP construction. Similar efforts are occurring in the Andean region of Latin America and in Canada. All of these places are especially suited for small hydroelectric power generation because they have high mountain ranges. As the engineering and equipment required for SHp become more widespread, other countries with mountains and rivers should be able to take advantage of this clean source of electricity.

1. Answer the questions:

1. What does biomass mean?

2. What types of fuel does modern biomass include?

3. What is another potential type of fuel derived from biomass?

4. From what is methane derived?

5. What country has been a leading nation in the use of ethanol?

6. What power has Switzerland used?

7. What can you say about SHP according to a UNESCO survey?

8. What are the other countries doing for the development of small hydroelectric power?

9. Why are all of he countries that are giving assistance suited for small hydroelectric power generation?

СРС 6

Read the text: Electrical Energy and Electrical Machines

Volta made his experimental cell in 1800, producing for the first time a steady reliable electric current. During the nineteenth century, the development of practical applications of electrical energy advanced rapidly. The first major uses of electricity were in the field of communications — first for the telegraph and the telephone. They used not only electric current but also electromagnetic effects.

Thomas Hdison's invention of the electric light bulb was perhaps the most momentous development of all. but not because it was such a unique invention. It was momentous because it led to the creation of an electric power system which has since reached into nearly every corner of the world. Actually, other people were working simultaneously on the same problem, and Edison's claim to the invention was disputed. Perhaps F-'dison's most important claim to fame is his pioneering work in engineering, which helped to provide electric sen ice for New-York City in 1882.

The application of electricity has grown to the point where most of us lead "electrified lives", surrounded by a variety of devices that use electric energy. Less visible, but probably more important, are the thousands of ways industry has put electric energy to work. The direetcurrent machine is one of the most important ways.

6.1. Просмотрите текст и определите, на какие дне части его можно разделить. Может ли вторая часть быть понятна бет чтения первой (определите по подзаголовку)?

6. 2. В первых двух абзацах речь идет о развитии электричества и XIX веке. Какой вклад был сделан в разлитие электричества Волга и 1SOO году и Эдисоном в 1882 году?

СРС 7

Read the text: