II. Countable/uncountable

Exercise 11. Form the abstract nouns from the following words:

1. wise	16. poor	31. to discover
2. brother	17. Christian	32. real
3. lazy	18. independent	33. rich
4. to ignore	19. suspicious	34. vacant
5. to accuse	20. green	35. curious
6. partner	21. true	36. acid
7. peculiar	22. long	37. hero
8. to offend	23. to know	38. tolerant
9. sudden	24. to hesitate	39. cheap
10. humid	25. private	40. elegant
11. confident	26. stupid	41. necessary
12. jealous	27. proud	42. patient
13. safe	28. frequent	43. strong
14. monarch	29. assist	44. to err
15. high	30. deep	45. young

b)

1. to exaggerate	11. relevant	21. tense
2. to coincide	12. to expend	22. false
3. secure	13. inconsistent	23. to inspire
4. mean	14. tranquil	24. prosperous
5. to resign	15. sober	25. coward
6. to bribe	16. generous	26. incongruous
7. to deteriorate	17. to collide	27. illiterate
8. to expand	18. to deny	28. to tempt
9. similar	19. vain	29. to employ
10. miser	20. to conspire	30. to detain

Exercise 12. Use the word given in brackets to form the noun.

a)

1. "Definitely", he said, without any ___ (hesitate). 2. Our ___ (able) to combat organized crime has been aided by our ___ (partner) with local police. 3. The press has been asked to respect the ___ (private) of the Royal Family during this very difficult time. 4. I haven't read your latest book, so I hope you'll forgive my ___ (ignore). 5. His ___ (suspicious) destroyed his marriage. 6. The sun's rays can penetrate the sea to a (deep) of twenty metres. 7. Crimes of this type are happening with increasing ___ (frequent). 8. ___ (Poor) and ___ (hungry) are the greatest world problems. 9. The playground was closed down on ___ (safe) grounds. 10. Our physical ___ (strong) declines with age, but not necessarily our intellect. 11. When asked to expand on his ___ (accuse) of injustice, the journalist refused to say any more. 12. Every author has some ___ (peculiar) in his descriptions or in his style of writing. 13. She was a tyrant who had absolutely no ___ (tolerant) for mistakes. 14. He lost his job because of his ___ (lazy). 15. Conventional ___ (wise) says that the health of the economy is one of the most important factors that determines a president's chances of winning re-election. 16. If you live in a place like London, a car alarm is an absolute ___ (necessary). 17. Today's vote is being seen as a test of ___ (strong) for the government. 18. Her going on maternity leave will create a temporary ___ (vacant). 19. Only one bank scandal is needed to shake the ___ (confident) in the financial markets. 20. She refused his offer tactfully, allowing him to go away with his ___ (proud) intact.

b)

1. After the revolution there was an atmosphere of ___ (tense) in the society. 2. I also met Peter on holiday quite by chance. What a ___ (coincide)! 3. The president believes there was a ___ (conspire) to overthrow him. 4. He dreamt of the ___ (expand) of his firm from a small factory to a large international business. 5. This was, of course, an open invitation to trivial forms of ___ (corrupt) and ___ (bribe). 6. In an attempt to clear the air, the owner Mills has planned a meeting with ___ (employ) to discuss the issue. 7. He had to brake sharply to avoid what he thought would be a head-on ___ (collide). 8. Marik, who had been held in ___ (detain) for over a year, was eventually found not guilty. 9. Further ___ (deteriorate) of relations between the two countries was obvious. 10. The document contains an explicit ___ (deny) that the company ever sold arms. 11. Skim the book in order to establish its ___ (relevant) to your needs. 12. She was quick to spot the ___ (inconsistent) between his two reports. 13. ___ (Illiterate) rates in many countries are a serious cause for concern. 14. It is an act of moral ___ (coward) for a society to neglect its poor. 15. Their guests took advantage of their ___ (generous), overstaying their welcome by several days.

c) 1. ___ (suppress) of emotions in ___ (child) can lead to problems in later life. 2. He flashed his ___ (member) card as passed through the door. 3. There is not enough ___ (evident) to justify such ___ (accuse). 4. In a gesture of ___ (friend), the president invited his former enemies to a ___ (receive). 5. He hopes to take over the ___ (leader) of the party. 6. There are lots of nice people in the ___ (neighbour). 7. The ___ (announce) was greeted with ___ (hostile) from some ___ (employ). 8. In the ___ (king) of Thailand, the king commands the respect of every citizen. 9. She seems to be enjoying ___ (mother). 10. The main characteristics of capitalism are private ___ (to own) of capital and ___ (free) of enterprise. 11. I yawned, not bothering to conceal my ___ (bore). 12. In answer to recent ___ (critic) the President has issued a ___ (state) explaining his policies. 13. His ___ (defend) lawyer said that Wilson's lifestyle had altered dramatically since the ___ (offend) three years ago. 14. He didn’t realize the ___ (deep) of their feelings for one another. 15. The ___ (strong) of his argument was decisive in this ___ (argue). 16. Latest reports are of a full-scale military ___ (invade). 17. It's difficult to form a ___ (judge) when you don't have all the facts. 18. These are the words with a high ___ (frequent) of ___ (occur) in language. 19. They aimed to secure a lasting ___ (reconcile) between the two countries. 20. This is a computer system that combines maximum ___ (flexible) with absolute (accurate).

Exercise 13. Explain the difference between the following pairs of words:

a)

1. air — an air	12. nature — a nature
2. beauty — a beauty	13. oak — an oak
3. coffee — a coffee	14. paper — a paper
4. cloth — a cloth	15. play — a play
5. dinner — a dinner	16. power — a power
6. fire — a fire	17. room – a room
7. glass — a glass	16. rubber — a rubber
8. hair – a hair	17. sound – a sound
9. lemon — a lemon	18. stone — a stone
10. light — a light	19. study — a study
11. music – a music	20. will — a will

b)

1. Air – airs	14. Look – looks
2. Cloth – clothes	15. Manner – manners
3. Compass – compasses	16. Minute – minutes
4. Condition – conditions	17. Pain – pains
5. Content – contents	18. Relation – relations
6. Custom – customs	19. Scale – scales
7. Good – goods	20. Sight – sights
8. Damage – damages	21. Spectacle – spectacles
9. Experience – experiences	22. Spirit – spirits
10. Force – forces	23. Talk – talks

11. Glass – glasses	24. Youth – youths
12. Hair – hairs	25. Wood – woods
13. Honour – honours	26. Work – works

Exercise 14. Choose the correct variant.

1. After she retired, Hannah wrote a book about her experience / experiences as a war reporter.

2. Gangs of youth / youths rioted for two nights on the streets of the capital.

3. Japan has refused to send a representative to the talk / talks in Geneva.

4. Most of the players had kept themselves in good condition / conditions over the summer months.

5. Take pain / pains to present a smart, efficient appearance, and to show that you are keen to progress in the company.

6. We're going on a bus tour today, to see the sight / sights of Copenhagen.

7. The custom / customs officer opened my suitcase and examined the contents.

8. She noticed the alteration in his look / looks.

9. It was the British who scooped the honour / honours at last night's Oscars.

10. Rebel force / forces now control most of the capital.

11. Police lost sight / sights of the man when he ran into a crowd of people.

12. Many of our great work / works of art are being sold and exported.

13. A candidate's character and qualifications are more important than past experience / experiences.

14. The skin is covered with microscopic hair / hairs, invisible to the naked eye.

15. The minute / minutes of a meeting are a meeting report that is sent after the meeting, and include a report of what was said and decided during the meeting.

16. Custom / customs fees are paid in advance as part of your airline ticket.

17. Damages / damage of 2500 were awarded by the court.

18. It was the last day of term and everyone was in high spirit / spirits.

19. These machines are often not suited to local condition / conditions and so tend to break down.

20. He was now satisfied that the family honour / honours had been restored.

21. The contract was not signed and has no binding force / forces.

Exercise 15. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Вони виграли справу у суді і отримають відшкодування. 2. Президент був почесним гостем на цьому банкеті. 3. Це один з найцікавіших випадків, які зі мною траплялися. Слухайте! 4. Вигляд усього цього розсмішив її. 5. Троє молодиків намагалися переконати мені віддати гаманець. 6. Усіх вразив її бойовий дух. 7. Мій досвід роботи на попередній посаді дав мені багато корисного. 8. Сиві волосини на скронях вона зафарбовувала, щоб волосся і надалі виглядало привабливим. 9. На кожному засіданні необхідно вести протокол. 10. Він закінчив університет з відзнакою. 11. Переговори завершилися успішно. 12. Він доклав максимальних зусиль, щоб переконати мою сестру не робити цієї спроби. 13. Брат зараз у дуже хорошому стані, тому, думаю, він переможе. 14. Повінь спричинила значні збитки. 15. Ми відійшли убік як тільки помітили його. 16. Це традиція і її потрібно поважати. 17. Коли він вирішив піти на пенсію, компанія організувала вечірку на його честь. 18. Я не поділяю її погляди, хоча де в чому вона має рацію. 19. Цей вчинок приніс йому велику пошану і повагу. 20. Обидві компанії вирішили об’єднати свої сили і створити новий консорціум.

Exercise 16. Choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap from the choices below.

1. You may only take one ___ of luggage onto the plane with you as hand luggage.

2. I admired the thick ___ of the plum cake arranged on the plate.

3. The main ___ of jewelry worn by men, other than a watch, is cuff links.

4. The management accepts no responsibility for ___ lost or stolen in the cafeteria and immediate area.

5. Photoshop is a very expensive ___ of software if you pay for it legally. These days it's over six hundred pounds.

6. A microscope is a ___ of equipment for looking at things that are too small to see normally.

7. The gym that I go to has just bought a fantastic new ___ of exercise equipment. You can exercise your arms legs and head at the same time.

8. What's the ___ of currency in India?

9. The book had been read again and again, until it finally fell to ___.

10. The new IHB Art Gallery opened for the first time this week. It already has ten major ___ of art on display and soon there will be another five.

11. I think it will take a(n) ___ of time for all the students to finish this test. If you finish early, you should check your answers carefully.

12. A comfortable, adjustable chair is the single most important ___ for the health of a computer user.

13. A fathom is the ___ of measurement used in calculating sea depth.

14. Sometimes a ___ of music can evoke very strong memories and emotions.

15. The museum has over 5,000 ___ of historical interest.

1.	A	case	B	lot	C	amount	D	piece
2.	A	loaves	B	items	C	slices	D	sticks
3.	A	piece	B	item	C	object	D	lump
4.	A	pieces	B	bits	C	works	D	items
5.	A	piece	B	item	C	case	D	pack
6.	A	object	B	piece	C	item	D	lot
7.	A	piece	B	object	C	machine	D	item
8.	A	piece	B	unit	C	item	D	bit
9.	A	units	B	items	C	pieces	D	lumps
10.	A	pieces	B	bits	C	works	D	items
11.	A	piece	B	item	C	length	D	bit
12.	A	item	B	object	C	piece	D	unit
13.	A	object	B	item	C	piece	D	unit
14.	A	item	B	unit	C	piece	D	amount
15.	A	pieces	B	items	C	bits	D	units

Exercise 17. Choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap from the choices below.

1. We have three different teachers throughout the day and each gives us a(n) ___   to do.

2. How ___ do you watch in an average week?

3. The West of England has a very mild ___. Extremes of temperature are very rare.

4. Alessio has the latest model of iPod. It can store over one million ___.

5. I finally gave in to temptation and ate a huge ___ of cheesecake.

6. He was sent to prison for six months for stealing only three ___ from a market stall.

7. The new photocopier is a very sophisticated ___ so it's inevitable that it will go wrong from time to time.

8. Before becoming president of his country, Mandela was in prison for ___.

9. There were three main ___ in this evening's six o'clock news programme.

10. He was unable to fulfil his duties as manager as he didn't have ___ of working in a supervisory capacity.

11. In the confusion of their first week of operation, the airport terminal staff managed to lose over ten thousand ___.

12. I'm sorry. I can't come out with you tonight. I've got too ___ and it all has to be finished by tomorrow morning.

1.	A	homework	B	item of homework	C	task of homework	D	homework task
2.	A	much TV	B	many items of TV	C	many programmes of TV	D	televisions
3.	A	weather	B	weather condition	C	climate	D	climatic condition
4.	A	musics	B	items of music	C	music tracks	D	tracks of music
5.	A	number	B	piece	C	item	D	unit
6.	A	clothes	B	clothings	C	pieces of clothing	D	items of clothing
7.	A	technology	B	piece of technology	C	item of technology	D	technology piece
8.	A	a time	B	a duration	C	many years of time	D	time
9.	A	newses	B	bulletins	C	stories	D	news pieces
10.	A	many experiences	B	much experience	C	many pieces of experience	D	enough experiences
11.	A	luggages	B	luggage pieces	C	items of luggage	D	baggages
12.	A	much work	B	many pieces of work	C	many tasks	D	many assignment

Exercise 18. Use the right form of the verb to be.

1. He refused to pass the judgement until all the evidence ___ presented. 2. All the furniture in this office ___ the latest design. 3. My knowledge of German ___ very limited. 4. These shorts ___ too long. 5. Rickets ___ a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. 6. This equipment ___ for camping. 7. The scissors ___ here a minute ago. 8. What he'd really like us to buy him for his birthday ___ some new Nike trainers. 9. The contents of her new book ___ very promising. 10. Statistics ___ the study of figures. 11. The stairs ___ dangerous. 12. The news ___ too good to be true. 13. The headphones on my new walkman ___ great. 14. ___ the scales over there electronic? 15. There ___ a hair on my dinner plate. 16. Yesterday's homework ___ rather difficult. 17. Her luggage ___ on the scales already. 18. Your advice ___ very timely. Thank you. 19. A lot of the information in the report ___ taken directly from the Internet. 20. Ladies and gentlemen. Here ___ the news. 21. The police ___ thoroughly searching the area. 22. Statistics ___ often misleading.

Exercise 19. Insert little, a little, few, a few where appropriate.

1. Football is a subject I know very ___ of. 2. ___ people can live without any money. 3. I am glad so many people have passed the test. In fact, there were ___ who haven't. 4. Paul put ___ coins in the slot, thought ___, and then dialed the number. 5. I will succeed, with ___ help from my friends", he said. 6. She's gone already? And I am only ___ minutes late! 7. I was told that ___ care could have prevented the accident. Is that true? 8. Wait ___, there are still ___ things I have to attend to. 9. In ___ cases it is clear who it is that is responsible for a marriage break-up. 10. There is ___ doubt that Annemie's team will win the quiz. 11. The ___ response I got from her really drove me crazy", he sighed. 12. If you accept that job, you'll make at last ___ more money. 13. ___ people could resist such a temptation. 14. ___ people asked me how I felt. That was nice. 15. "There are ___ leftovers for you in the fridge", she cried out. 16. Unfortunately ___ people are able to give to food programs this year. 17. ___ water is left in my glass. I want more. 18. ___ people ever call me. Everybody seems to have forgotten about me. 19. There is ___ food in the refrigerator. I have nothing to eat. 20. During the flight, the attendant will offer you ___ food. You won’t be hungry. 21. The search party had ___ idea where to start looking for the climber. 22. Good friends one has so ___ that one should treasure them. 23. "Give the boy ___ extra money", the old man said. 24. Look at the sky, there is ___ hope for bright and sunny weather tomorrow. – Is there? The weather forecast says there is still ___ hope. 25. Why are they so glad? – Because their Food Bank have received ___ very large checks. 26. ___ people attended the meeting. I counted only 25.

Exercise 20. Translate into English (little, a little, few, a few).

1. Вона забігла до мене на декілька хвилин, щоб повернути книжку. 2. Щороку тисячі студентів намагаються скласти цей іспит, але лише небагатьом це вдається. 3. Мало хто знає цю затишну кав’ярню, а ми були вже тут декілька разів. 4. Ти йдеш туди працювати, а чи знаєш, що мало працівників на цьому підприємстві отримують добру зарплату. 5. Я не проти позичити йому трохи грошей. 6. Уряду закинули, що він мало витрачає грошей на розвиток науки. 7. Через декілька років цей молодий спеціаліст стане хорошим фахівцем. 8. Скажи йому кілька слів і повертайся. 9. Я завжди додаю трохи кетчупу, коли їм цю страву. 10. Підбадьор його трохи і він досконало виконає завдання. 11. У нас ще є трохи бананів, можеш не купувати. 12. На пресс конференції ставили багато запитань, але він відповів лише на декілька. 13. Мало хто залишився задоволеним такою відповіддю.

Exercise 21. Insert amount, number where appropriate.

1. The ___ of student grants at this University is considerable. 2. The ___ of tax you pay depends on how much you earn. 3. The ___ you pay for license tags and registration depends on the age of the vehicle. 4. The university is planning to expand the ___ of students to over 20,000. 5. This book proved to be a success. The ___ of its editions is hard to define. 6. The study also notes a steady decline in the ___ of college students taking science courses. 7. Overtime pay will be based on the ___ of hours you work each week. 8. The water here contains small ___ of calcium and other minerals. 9. The police department estimates that the ___ of violent crimes will decrease this year by about 15%. 10. The ___ of money spent on nuclear weapons is shocking. 11. Don't be so pig-headed! You can't possibly drive home after the ___ you've drunk. 12. This year's funding for the programme is based on the ___ of applications we received last year. 13. I have calculated the ___ we need to spend on fees and accommodations. 14. There has been a dramatic increase in the ___ of people living in the country. 15. The ___ of parking space available here is no longer adequate.

Exercise 22. Translate into English (amount, number).

1. Уяви собі, яку масу часу вона втратила, чекаючи тебе! 2. Кількість бездомних у цій країні постійно зростає. 3. Він виконав величезний обсяг роботи, а вони заплатили йому за це копійки. 4. Тобі потрібно скоротити кількість жирів у раціоні. 5. Кількість калорій, які потребує людський організм для належної життєдіяльності залежить від рівня фізичного та розумового навантаження кожної конкретної людини. 6. Обмеження обсягу імпорту вплине на скорочення кількості людей, які купуватимуть автомобілі. 7. Кількість людей, які хочуть купити цей продукт невпинно зростає. 8. Кількість часу та грошей, які ми змарнували на цей проект просто шалені. 9. Зростання кількості патрульних автомобілів у вечірній і нічний час призвело до зменшення рівня злочинності. 10. Кількість допомоги, яку отримала країна, можна вважати достатньою.

Exercise 23. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Лікар дав стільки порад, що я не знав з чого починати. 2. Безперечно, це – творча робота, але знання і досвід тут теж дуже важливі. 3. Ці новини дійсно дуже важливі для неї. 4. Якщо вам потрібно подальша інформація, не вагайтеся і звертайтеся до мене. 5. Якщо ви твердите, що ці свідчення неправдиві, то спробуйте їх спростувати. 6. Ваші успіхи зацікавили мене і я пропоную вам спробувати набути практичного досвіду у нашій компанії. 7. Ти чув ці звуки? – Які звуки? Тут стільки шуму, що я нічого не чую! 8. Тут зовсім немає місця ще для двох стільців. 9. Знову сиві волосини, потрібно пофарбуватися. 11. Його погляди повинні тебе насторожити. 12. Мій сусід зазнав серйозних збитків внаслідок пожежі. 13. Поліція все ще шукає злочинців, які вчора викрали значну кількість творів мистецтва. 14. Прилеглу територію підприємства здали в довгострокову оренду. 15. Його зусилля не були марними.