The bronches and lungs foreign bodies

The foreign bodies of bronches and lungs divide by exogenous (the penetrating from an external environment|Wednesday|) and endogenous (from the lungs and mediastinal lymphatic nodes or appearing in lungs and bronches). Distinguish radioapaque| and non-radioapaque | foreign bodies.

EXOGENOUS FOREIGN BODIES more frequent meet at children|kids| of the first year which aspirated | different|diverse| foreign bodies: needles, pins, paper clips, buttons, parts|portions| of toys, own baby teeth, stone|bones| of different|diverse| garden-stuffs, seed of sunflower, and etc.

In easy|light| foreign bodies get either as a result of wound of thorax or as a result of perforation of bronchus by a foreign body.

Clinical signs are: the sudden persistent cough, attacks of asphyxia and vomiting, cyanosys. After a while the signs of inflammation and suppuration of pulmonary tissue become anchorwomens.

The basic|main| methods of the diagnostics: roentgenologic and bronchoscopy |.

Diagnostics of the radioapaque|| foreign bodies is based on| sciagraphy of lungs in two perpendicular | projections, on roentgenogramas| dense|tight| shade|shadow|, proper to the form|shape|, sizes|dimensions| and position|rule| of foreign body, is revealed. If necessary conduct roentgenoscopy|, tomography| and bronchoscopy|.

Diagnostics of non-radioapaque | foreign bodies is based on determination|definition| of the bronchus ability violation degree with using the functional tests and bronchography|, CT.

The pulmonary edema

It is |surplus accumulation of the liquid part|portion| of blood in teethridges and connecting | tissue, containing|maintaining| squirrel, electrolytes and several cellular elements.

Classification:

I. The non-inflammatory | edemas

1. Stagnant edemas

a) At the circulatory system:

1) acute edema of the lungs;

2) sub-acute and chronic lungs edema;

3) terminal, hypostatic| lungs edema;

б) In the lymphatic system: at thelimphatic system damage|, becous of| tuberculosis, tumours|swelling|.

2. Exchanges edemas: at a cachexy, starvation, violations external and internal incretion, at the blood diseases.

II. The INFLAMMATORY EDEMAS

1. aerogenes: bacterial, aspirational|, toxic (inhalations);

2. hematogenes|;

3. neurogenes|: a|but|) central origin; b) peripheral

The acute (more frequent cardiogenic|) edema develops as a result of increase|rise| of pressure in the small circle of the blood circulation and vasomotour| violations and also increase|rise| of the capillaries walls permeability.

Clinic: difficulty in breathing, sense|feeling,sentiment| of amotivational fear, pallor, sweating|, shallow breathing (35—40 breathings in a minute) painful|agonizing| incessant cough with a foamy sputum, hemoptysis|.

Roentgenologic signs: uneven declineof the|lowering|| lungs sub-roots departments pneumatisation due to appearance of the focal shades|shadows| with different|diverse| sizes|dimensions| inclined to|by| confluence; the lungs roots are extended, unstructural; the lung pattern of both lungs is increased, washed out; the defeat is bilateral|two-way|, anymore shown in a right lung; the sizes|dimensions| of the heart are megascopic. The rapid|quick,fast| dynamics of roentgenologic picture|painting| is|appears| the characteristic|character,typical| sign of the lungs edema under the treatment influencing.

At the chronic lungs edema the defeat of the lungs inferior|bottom| departments and accumulation of the liquid in a pleura are visualised.

The exchanges, toxic and neurogenic| lungs edemas differ from cardiogenic by absence of the cardiac|hearty,kind| shade changes|shadow|.

The typical sign of the interstitial| edema - the presence of linear shades|shadows| ( The Cerly’s lines|).

Fig.17.11 The surveying|survey| lungs roentrenography: pulmonary edema. The foci-like shades are |shadows| sometimes meeting between itself.

Fig.17.12 The surveying lungs roentrenography |survey|: | the pulmonary interstitial edema.