2. Translate into English:

• паливо

• паливний бак

• паливний провід

• паливний насос

• качати паливо

• змішувати паливо з повітрям

• поршень

• свічка запалювання

• штовхати поршень вниз

• запалювати

• потік газів

• впускний клапан

• випускний клапан

• свіжа паливна суміш

3. Answer the questions:

• How does an engine produce power?

• Where is the fuel stored?

• Is the fuel tank connected to the fuel pipe?

• Where is the fuel mixed with air?

• What ignites the fuel and air?

4. Complete the sentences:

1. The fuel pump pumps the fuel …

2. The fuel is stored …

3. The fuel tank is connected…

4. The fuel and air are compressed …

5. The spark plug ignites …

6. The engine power is produced by …

5. Learn the new words and word-combinations:

intake manifold – впускний колектор

valve spring – пружина клапана

timing belt – пас ГРМ

camshaft – розподільний вал

inlet valve – впускний клапан

piston ring – кільце поршня

alternator – генератор

piston skirt – юбка поршня

connecting rod – шатун

cooling fan – охолоджуючий вентилятор

pulley – шків

crankshaft – колінчастий вал

fan belt – пас вентилятора

fuel injector – паливна форсунка

distributor cap – кришка розподільника

oil pan gasket – ущільнювач масляного піддона

air conditioner compressor – повітряний охолоджувач

oil drain plug – заглушка маслозливу

6. Check the right answers:

1.	An engine produces power by burning air and water	False	True
2.	The fuel pipe carries fuel to a radiator
3.	The fuel and air are compressed by the piston
4.	The flow of gases into and out of the cylinder is controlled by three valves
5.	The intake valve allows fresh fuel mixture enter the cylinder.
6.	The exhaust valve allows the burnt gases to escape

uNIT 4

Internal combustion engines

1. Read and translate the text:

Internal combustion is process of the burning of fuel within the engine. The fuel burns within the engine and provides forces. These forces provide the engine power. Internal combustion engines have stationary, rotary and reciprocating parts.

Stationary Engine Parts. The stationary engine parts are the cylinder block, the crankcase and the cylinder head. The cylinder block is one of the basic parts of the engine. The process of combustion takes place within the cylinders. Tractor engines have some cylinders. The crankcase is a part of the cylinder. It supports the crankshaft and the camshaft and keeps the lubricating oil near the engine parts. The cylinder heads close the cylinders .The cylinders and the cylinder heads form the combustion chambers. The burning of fuel takes place within the combustion chambers.

Rotary Engine Parts. Rotary engine parts are the crankshaft, the flywheel and the camshaft. The crankshaft changes reciprocating motion of pistons to rotary motion. The camshaft opens the valves of the engine.

2. Fill in the gaps with the given suitable words (cylinder head, camshaft, burning, crankcase, crankshaft, cylinder block):

1. The… changes reciprocating motion of pistons to rotary motion. 2. The … opens the valves of the engine. 3. The … is one of the basic parts of the engine. 4. The cylinder and the … form the combustion chamber. 5. The … keeps the lubricating oil near the engine parts. 6. The … of fuel takes place within the combustion chambers.

3. Make up sentences with the words and translate into English:

Within, burns, the fuel, the cylinder. 2. Of , changes, reciprocating, the crankshaft, the motion, pistons. 3. The crankcase, is, of, a part, the engine. 4. Study, we, engine. 5. Takes place, the combustion, chamber, in, burning, the process, of.

4. Put the marked words in plural and make the changes. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. 1. Crankshafts change motion. 2. Crankcases support crankshafts. 3. These forces provide power. 4. These are engine parts. 5. The pistons move within the cylinders. 6. They study the internal combustion engine.

2. Put the general question to the sentences 1-4.

3. Put the question to the distinguished words in the sentences 5-6.

5. Answer the questions:

1. What process takes place in internal combustion engine? 2. What does the burning of fuel provide? 3. What are the basic parts of the internal combustion engine? 4. What are stationary engine parts? 5. What does the crankcase support? 6. What is the function of the cylinder heads? 7. What do cylinders and cylinder heads form? 8. Where does the burning of fuel take place? 9. What are the rotary engine parts? 10. What is the function of the crankshaft? 11. What does the camshaft open?