2. Learn the new words:
steering – керування
means – засіб
to guide – вести, направляти
direction – напрямок
to mount – кріпити, монтувати, встановлювати
stub axle – поворотний кулак, на якому повертається колесо
tо swivel on – повертатися, повертати
upright – прямий
a springle – стержень, палець, валик розподільника
king-pin – поворотний шворінь
fitted – монтаж, установка
steering arm – важіль поворотного кулака, цапфа
track rod – поперечна рульова тяга
drop arm – рульова сошка
off-side wheel – ліве, переднє колесо
rack and pinion – шестерня, рейка
road jolts – дорожні поштовхи
steering knuckle – поворотний кулак, поворотна цапфа
3. Translate the word combinations:
Upright, king-pin, track-rod, drag-link, drop-arm, stub axle, steering arm, off-side wheel.
4. Define the following terms:
1) short metal rods that transmit turning motion from the tie rods to the steering knuckles.
2) mechanism at the lower and of the steering column that translates the steering wheel rotation into linear motion to turn the wheels.
3) device that is pivoted by the steering mechanism, causing the wheels to turn.
a) steering box b) steering knuckle c) steering arms
5. Answer the questions:
What is the function of the steering system?
What does the steering system consist of?
How does the steering system work?
What do we call the “drop arm”?
What is is an alternative method of steering?
Each front wheel is mounted on a “stub” axle, isn’t it?
What happens when the driver turns the steering wheel?
6. Translate into English:
напрямок
бажання подорожувати
здатний повертатися
з’єднані разом
короткий важіль
переднє колесо
зі сторони водія
ведуче (ходове) колесо
рухатись вперед або назад
UNit 27 Finding a fault in a car
1. Read and translate the text:
If your car doesn't start in the morning, you should check three things first: the battery, the fuel level and the spark plugs. It is easy to repair these faults. If the battery is flat, you should recharge it. If this doesn't work, you should replace it. If the petrol tank is empty, fill it up. If the spark plugs are dirty, clean them, and if the gap in a spark plug is too narrow or too wide, adjust it to the correct width.
If your car still doesn't start, the petrol pump may be broken, or the fuel pipe may be blocked. If the pump is broken, it must be repaired or replaced. If the fuel pipe is blocked, take it off and unblock it.
If there is a loud CLICK! when you turn the key, the starter motor may be jammed. If it is, you can try to release it by pushing the car forwards and backwards (in 2nd gear). If the car still doesn't start, the starter motor should be repaired or replaced.
2. Learn the new words and word combinations:
to start – починати
to check – перевірити
fuel level – рівень палива
a fault – неполадок , поломка
flat – розряджена (сіла)
to recharge – підзарядити
to replace – замінити
empty – пустий, порожній
dirty – брудний
a gap – зазор
narrow – вузький
wide – широкий
to adjust – відрегулювати
width – ширина
to take off – зняти
a click – клацання
loud – голосний
to jam – заклинити
3. Make up questions from the words:
1. What/do/if/car/your/start/doesn’t/in the morning/do, you?
2. What/should/check/first/you?
3. Is/these faults/it/to repair/easy?
4. What/you/do/if/is/empty/do the petrol tank?
5. Haw/you/can/the starter motor/release?
4. Match these pictures with words the passage:
5. Answer these questions:
1. You check the battery. It’s flat. You try to recharge it. It's still flat. What do you do next?
2. If the gap in a spark plug is too narrow, how do you adjust it? Do you widen it or make it narrower?
3. How do you know that the starter motor might be jammed? What do you hear?
4. You push the car forwards and backwards, but the starter still doesn’t work. What do you do now?