3.Match the word with its definition.

1. friction;

2. filter;

3. gauge;

4. to lubricate;

5. pressure.

1. the force or weight of something pressing on something that it touches;

2. an instrument for measuring the amount or level of something;

3. to put oil on or in something so that it moves easily;

4. a device containing paper, sand, cloth, etc. in order to keep back certain materials in a liquid or gas passed through it;

5. the rubbing of one thing or surface against another.

4.Make up questions from the given words.

1. How many/ does/ have/ the lubrication system/ purposes?

2. What/ of the lubrication system/ are/ the purposes?

3. Where/ severe/ the friction/ is?

4. Why/ cylinders and pistons/ must/ well lubricated/ be?

5. What/ the parts/ of the lubrication system/ are?

6. What/ the function/ is/ of the oil pump?

1. What/ of the oil pressure gauge/ the function/ is?

2. What/ an oil filter/ clean/ does?

5. Translate the sentences into English.

1) Система змащування виконує три функції.

2) Функції системи змащування – зменшити тертя між деталями, що рухаються; охолодити двигун і очистити двигун.

3. Поршні і циліндри слід добре змащувати. Це запобігає перегріванню деталей і зменшує їх зношення.

4. Частини системи змащування – це насос, показник тиску мастила і фільтр мастила.

5) Функція показника тиску мастила – зареєструвати тиск мастила.

6) Призначення фільтру – очистити мастило.

6. Make up short reports, completing the sentences.

3. The lubrication system has ....

4. The lubrication system reduces ....

5. The lubrication system takes heat away ....

6. The lubrication system cleans ....

7. Pistons and cylinders must be well lubricated ....

8. The parts of the lubrication system are ....

9. The oil pump ....

10. An oil gauge shows ....

11. An oil filter...

UNit 20 Engine Lubrication

1. Read and translate the text:

^{Lubrication is the continuous supply of oil to all moving parts. Working parts of an engine are made of metal, and they have to fit closely together if they are to function properly. When any two surfaces rub together there is “friction” and where there is friction heat is produced. In cold weather we rub our hands together to keep them warm, and it is the friction between the surface of one hand and the other that produces the desired warmth. In an engine this extra heat must be avoided or the parts will wear out quickly and become damaged. Oil greatly reduces friction and allows the parts to run smoothly together.}

^{An oil reservoir, or sump, is provided at the bottom of the engine, and from there the oil is pumped under pressure through various pipes and passages to the moving parts such as camshaft and crankshaft bearings, big-end bearing, pistons and valve operating mechanism. The oil in the sump can be checked by a dipstick, and it must be maintained at the correct level by adding more when necessary.}

2. Learn the new words:

^{essential – основний, головний}

^{requirement – вимога}

^{to fit closely – щільно прилягати}

^{to fit together – монтувати}

^{properly – надійно}

^{surface – поверхня}

^{to rub – терти}

^{desired – бажаний}

^{warmth – тепло}

^{extra – додатковий}

^{to avoid – уникати}

^{to wear out – зношувати}

^{smoothly – легко, м’яко}

^{sump – піддон}

^{bottom – низ, дно}

^{passage – отвір}

^{camshaft bearing – підшипник розподільного валу}

^{crankshaft bearing – підшипник колінчастого валу}

^{big-end bearing – шатунний підшипник}

^{valve operating mechanism – клапанний розподільний механізм}

^{dipstick – щуп}