UNit 14 the transmission

1. Read and translate the text:

The transmission supplies the engine with a system of gears. The function of the gears is to transmit the power that is produced by the engine. There are two types of transmissions: a standard transmission and an automatic transmission.

The clutch pedal in standard transmission cars connects or disconnects the gears from the engine. A driver controls this action by stepping on and releasing the clutch pedal. Speed is obtained by shifting gears and by stepping on the gas pedal, or accelerating. Gears are shifted manually by using the gear shift lever. In cars with automatic transmissions, this is accomplished automatically in the transmission.

2. Answer the questions:

What does the transmission supply the engine with?

What is the function of the gears?

What are the types of transmission?

What does the clutch pedal in standard transmission cars do?

How does a driver control this action?

What is speed obtained by?

How are gears in standard transmission cars shifted?

In cars with automatic transmissions this is accomplished automatically in the transmission, isn’t it?

3. Translate the word-combinations into English.

забезпечувати двигун системою передач;

функція передач;

передавати силу;

два типи трансмісії;

автомобілі з автоматичною трансмісією;

переключати передачі вручну;

автомобілі з стандартною трансмісією;

важіль коробки передач;

контролювати дію;

приєднувати чи від'єднувати передачу від двигуна.

4. Match the word with its definition.

1. transmission;

2. engine;

3. automatic;

4. standard;

5. speed;

6. manually.

1. the quality of being quick or rapid;

2. the system of gears by which power is passed from the engine to the wheels in a motor vehicle;

3. done with or controlled by the hands;

4. a machine with moving parts that converts (перетворює) energy such as heat or electricity into motion (pyx);

5. working by itself without direct human control;

6. average, normal or usual.

5. Find the opposites to the given words. Use the prefix dis-. Then translate the words.

to agree (погоджуватись)

comfort

to connect;

to colour (розфарбувати)

to infect (інфікувати)

order (порядок)

interested (зацікавлений)

to like

to organize

6. Make up the questions to the text. Then ask your group mates to answer them.

1. What / the function/ is/ of the transmission?

2. What /of the gears/ the function/ is?

3. How many / of transmission / types/ are there?

4. What/ called / they/ are?

5. What / the function/ is/ in the standard transmission cars/ of the clutch pedal?

6. What/ the driver/ do/ does/ to obtain speed?

7. How/ the gears/ shifted/ are/ in the standard transmission cars?

8. How / the gears / shifted/ are/ in the cars with automatic transmissions?

UNit 15 Automatic Transmission

1. Read and translate the text:

While many drivers like to control their cars by lever, some motorists prefer to drive with as little effort as possible. Automatic transmission takes much of the work away from the driver who only has to accelerate when he wants to go faster and brake when he wishes to slow down or stop. All the necessary gear changing is done quite automatically within the transmission. There is no clutch pedal, only an enlarged brake pedal and an accelerator. A selector lever replaces the normal gear lever.

Several types of automatic transmission are available. In one of the well-known types there are six selector positions – 1, 2, D (Drive), N (Neutral), R (Reverse), P (Park).

In position “P” the transmission is locked and the car cannot be moved. At “N” the engine can be started but the transmission is not engaged. Fully automatic operator is obtained by putting the lever at “D”, and all normal driving can be done in this position. On the other hand, first or second gears of the transmission can be engaged and held by using positions “1” or “2”. This may be useful for starting on a steep slope, climbing steep hills or for holding a lower gear whilst accelerating quickly.