Часть 1. Грамматика word order (Порядок слов)

Порядок слов в утвердительном предложении

(а 4 а) a 1 a 2 a 3 a a 4 a.

1 – Subject (S) -- подлежащее

2 – Verb -- сказуемое

3 – Object (O) -- дополнение

4 – Adverbial Modifiers -- обстоятельства

a – Attribute – определение

В повествовательном предложении подлежащее стоит впереди сказуемого, а дальше идёт дополнение. S + V + O

a S + V a O 4

The passport officer checked my passport at the airport.

Что касается обстоятельств, то здесь полезно в качестве опоры вспомнить название игры ''Что? Где? Когда?'', т.е. после дополнения (что?) сначала идёт обстоятельство места (где?), а затем обстоятельство времени (когда?).

what? / where? / when?

Ann drives her car to work every day.

Порядок слов в вопросительном предложении

Существует несколько типов вопросов

1. ‘Yes/no questions’ (общие вопросы), требуют ответа «Да» или «Нет»

Вспомогательный глагол – подлежащее - сказуемое

Примеры:

Do you speak English? Yes, I do / No, I don’t

Will Jane resign? Yes, she will / No, she won’t

Are they ready? Yes, they are / No, they aren’t

2. ‘Wh questions’(Специальные вопросы) начинаются с вопросительного слова и требуют особого ответа

Вопросительное слово - Вспомогательный глагол – подлежащее - сказуемое

Вопросительные слова: what, why, where, how

Примеры:

Where are you going? - I’m going to work, downstairs, the library etc

How many languages do you speak? - Three

Who/What - сказуемое

3. Вопрос к подлежащему

Примеры:

Tom loves Mary.

Who loves Mary? (Tom)

The roof is leaking.

What is leaking? (the roof)

Word order. Тренировочные упражнения

Выберите правильный вариант ответа

1. She gives ____.

1) her children everything they want 3) what do they want

2) everything her children they want 4) which they want her children

2. He ____ .

1) never has been so nervous	3) has never so nervous been
2) has never been so nervous	4) so nervous has never been

3. July ____ in the Urals.

1) usually is the hottest 3) is usually the hottest

2) is the hottest usually 4) the hottest is usually

4. They think that ____.

1) the best are chocolate cakes 3) are chocolate cakes the best

2) chocolate cakes the best are 4) chocolate cakes are the best

5. I'm going ____.

1) tonight to dig the garden 3) to dig tonight the garden

2) to dig the garden tonight 4) the garden tonight to dig

6. ____ but this month they have fallen a little.

1) Prices last month went up 3) Prices went last month up

2) Last month prices went up 4) Last month went prices up

7. The car costs a lot of money. ____

1) To buy it's too expensive. 3) It's too expensive to buy.

2) It too expensive to buy. 4) It's expensive to buy too.

8. I like my new job. I think ____.

1) it goes me suit 3) it is going to suit me

2) is it going to suit me 4) me it's going to suit

9.Ann ____ tea.

1) doesn't drink often 3) doesn't often drink

2) often doesn't drink 4) not drink often

10. No single factor explains why ____.

1) do the effects of aging vary so greatly among individuals

2) so greatly among individuals the effects of aging vary

3) the effects of aging vary so greatly among individuals

4) among individuals so greatly the effects of aging vary