Pronouns (Местоимения)

Местоимения – важнейшая часть речи. Без неё человек ничего не может рассказать о себе и не сможет участвовать в простейшем разговоре. Между русскими и английскими местоимениями нет полной аналогии. В таблице суммированы и систематизированы по лицам и числам личные, притяжательные, возвратные и другие типы местоимений.

Функция
Подле – жащего	Дополне- ния	Определе-ния	Подлежащ. дополнен.	Дополне – ния	Определе – ния	Определе- ния	Определе- ния
Личные в имен. падеже	Личные в объектн. падеже	Притяжательные	Абсолют – ные	Возврат – ные	Указатель ные	Вопросительные	Неопределённые
I You He She It We You They	me you him her it us you them	my your his her its our your their	mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs	myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves	this that– ед. ч these those - мн such same	What What kind of Which Whose How many Who Whose What which	each either neither every some any no none much /many little / few

Примеры использования разных типов местоимений

Personal pronouns

Nobody except me knows where the key is kept, and I am not telling you.

Tom is faster than me, but I am stronger than him.

Thailand is quite unusual: it has never been ruled by another country.

My bike’s been given trouble, so I am taking it into the garage.

John is two years older than Mary, but she is nearly as tall as him.

Possessives

Alice hurt her foot very badly yesterday.

Take your foot out of the table. Its legs are not very strong.

That dog hurt its tail.

Chris and Pam never cut the grass in their garden.

That is my coat, and the scarf is mine too.

His score was better than hers.

Their holiday starts the week after ours.

some, any, no

Some (немного, несколько) употребляется в утвердительных предложениях и в вопросах-просьбах:

I have some money.

He has some books about England.

Any (немного, несколько) употребляется в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях

Если any употребляется в утвердительных предложениях, то переводится «любой»:

You can exchange dollars in any bank.

No употребляется в отрицательных предложениях, переводится «нисколько»:

He has no money to buy this car.

Cравните:

I have some money.

Do you have any money?

I don’t have any money.

I have no money.

Местоимения some, any, no имеют несколько производных, правила их употребления такие же

Somebody anybody nobody

Something anything nothing

Somewhere anywhere nowhere

Примеры:

There is something I can do.

Is there anything I can do?

There isn’t anything I can do.

There is nothing I can do.

I went nowhere during the holidays.

I didn’t go anywhere during the holidays.

Much, Many(много)

Little, Few (мало, недостаточно)

a little, a few(мало, достаточно)

Much употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными, many с исчисляемыми

There is much snow in winter

There are many trees in the garden

Little, a little употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными, few, a few с исчисляемыми

I only need a few minutes to get ready.

Nadia drank a little coffee and no alcohol.

Few tourists come to the country in winter.

This summer was dry. There was little rain.

This, that, these, those

this – этот: Come this way, please.

that – тот: Did you hear that rain in the night?

these – эти: These potatoes taste burnt!

those – те: Who are those people over there?