- •29 Word study Verbs and related nouns
- •34 Language study Describing a process
- •3 6 Writing Describing a process
- •Tuning-in
- •66 Writing 2 Ordering components
- •74 Tuning-in
- •81 Listening
- •82 Language study Would
- •In the future, electronics are likely to become even more common in the home as multimedia entertainment systems and computer-controlled robots are developed.
- •Rf carrier
- •Introduction to Electronic Systems
- •16 Weeks X 2 VI hours
- •When is the lunch break?
- •10 These tolerances may seem to reflect poor manufacture but in most circuits they are, in fact, quite satisfactory. Relaxing the tolerance enables the makerto sell them more cheaply.
- •X varactor diode
- •Identify each of the following diodes:
- •10 The first stage consists of a transformer which steps down the voltage of the ac mains (see Fig. 2).
- •Smoothed dc input
- •15 Common is reverb (reverberation) which can make the music sound as if it was recorded in a very large building or a very small room.
- •Making a recording Places People Equipment
- •4 How is mixing down like developing and printing a photograph?
- •In this text which are additional to those given on the tape.
- •3 You must always keep an eye on the recording level.
- •1 A photodiode picks up rays from the remote control.
- •Ir diode
- •2 How many detection devices does it show? Name them.
- •4 If a burglar walks in front of a motion sensor,
- •7 A magnet on the moving part trips a switch if
- •Sensing device Used to detect
- •9V battery
- •In a frequency-modulated (fm) wave, the audio signal is combined with the rf carrier wave to vary the frequency of the carrier (see Fig. 2).
- •Af power amplifier
- •Via di Pietra Papa 00146 Roma
- •25 Die away naturally. As it dies, the current in the object reactivates the search coil. This voltage is then amplified to indicate with a sound or a flashing light that an object has been found.
- •4 The magnetic field a voltage in the search coil.
- •5 Noise is also by the low-frequency mains supply.
- •In left
- •In right о г
- •Interviewer: a test engineer. What would that involve?
- •I Is there any other kind of work you! enjoy?
- •15 Instead of recording the sound waves continuously, a drum з
- •4 These are converted to electrical signals by (use) a microphone.
- •15 Vinyl records are eliminated such as 'crackle' caused by dust and static, and 'jumping', due to scratches on the recording surface.
- •8 What might be the effect of so many people having cd players?
- •1 Unlike lPs, cDs use a digital recording system.
- •7 The electron gun in a crt a stream of electrons.
- •20 With an oscilloscope so that a visual display of the waveform can be seen.
- •45 Electrons.
- •Video cassette recorder
- •Italics from the text below. One has been done for you.
- •Vhs video-recorder mechanism
- •15 The number of iCs used in a computer, I.E. The chip count, can be reduced by connecting nand gates together to form other types of gates (see Fig. 3).
- •Integration as shown in Table 1. The 1с shown in Fig. 2 is an ssi 20 device but microprocessors used in computers are vlsi or slsi devices.
- •Input impedance low high
- •Instead of using the complicated springs, cogs, and wheels of a mechanical watch, the digital watch uses a vibrating crystal to keep time. It is accurate to one second in 10 years.
- •Vibrating crystal
- •15 Each one-second pulse triggers the microchip to send signals to the digital display to advance the numerals by one second.
- •Xdiaphragm
- •65 System.
- •1 Engineers developed optical fibre cables in the 1980s.
- •2 What is the purpose of the dielectric material in coaxial cable?
- •Insulator (e.G. Polyethylene) sheath
- •Insulator (e.G. Polyethylene) covering wire
- •25 Microwaves can be guided along rectangular copper ducts by a series of reflections from the inner walls (see Fig. 4).
- •If you make a mistake when keying in a number and you want to delete the last digit:
- •If you hold down clr,the whole numberwill be deleted and the p3 will go back to standby.
- •3 What is the difference between a mobile phone and a cellphone?
- •20 Telephone calls at the same time. To achieve this, each
- •30 Compromise between the number of frequency channels available in each cell and the interference between communications in different cells.
- •40 Calls from other cellphones and fixed telephones throughout the whole telephone system (see Fig. 2).
- •50 Call, the 8kHz signal is discontinued and the speech channel is enabled.
- •8 The signal indicates a suitable frequency channel for the call.
- •5 Converts the binary data into digital information (lines 21-22)
- •International international
- •40 As ordering goods and controlling bank accounts.
- •1 Avionics
- •2 Computing
- •3 Defence
- •1991-Present
- •1990-1991 Summer 1989
- •1 A technician with experience in servicing hospital equipment.
- •4900 University Avenue
- •If you would like to hear about outstanding opportunities in Europe to work in the expanding area of personal communication systems, write to:
- •If you can fill one of these vacancies, contact us at once.
- •I'm interested. I have the following training/ experience:
- •If a target is hit. .
- •Input signal
- •1 Manufacturing
- •2 Planning
- •3 Installation
- •4 Commissioning
- •If a target is hit. .
- •5 Maintenance
- •6 Sales
- •8 Research and Development
- •30 Large companies run their own r&d departments. Exciting
- •Induced in an inductor in opposition to the
- •Video image of the internal organs of a
- •2 [13] One side (left or right) of a stereo
- •In one unit and sharing a common
- •Voltage produced by an electrical source
- •241 Solid cylinder of metal oxide insulating
- •Video picture flip-flop /'flip йар/ [24] digital electronic
- •Instrument used for detecting pulses and
- •1 Or 0, high or low) long wave /'log weiv/ [10] range of radio
- •Voltage ac electricity supply maintain /mem'tem/ [22, 29] keep in good
- •Integrated circuit on one piece of silicon microcomputer/,maikraukam'pju:ta(r)/
- •Instrument for measuring various electrical quantities including voltage, current and resistance
- •Inputs are high natural frequency /.Naetjaral 'fri:kwansi/
- •Voltage ionizes the neon gas inside network /'netw3:k/ [26] system of
- •Interconnected devices network manager /,netw3:k 'тгепк1зэ(г)/
- •Interconnected telephone lines for use by
- •In a public telephone network which
- •Voltage which causes a component to pass
- •Various signals used in the test and
- •Integration: between 104 and 10s active
- •Voltage level from varying stable /'steibl/ [24] in a balanced state stage /steid3/ [5] circuit block: section of
- •In a circuit suppress /sa'pres/ [18] prevent a signal
- •Iks,tjemd3/ [28] switching centre for
- •Video signal teletype terminal /'telitaip ,t3:minal/ [28]
- •Images over long distances television receiver Ле1шзп n,si:v9(r)/
- •Isolating an ac supply voltage transistor /traen'zistsir)/ [1]
- •28] Cable or duct for guiding signals
- •Variable capacitor or resistor for making
- •V/VI:/[4, 11] volt
- •Vacuum tube /'vaekjuim tju:b/ [1 ]
- •Vdu /VI: di: 'ju:/ [28] visual (or video)
- •Video screen vdu terminal /VI: di: 'ju: ,t3:min3l/ [28]
- •Video recorders
- •Video-conferencing
- •Voltmeter I
15 Instead of recording the sound waves continuously, a drum з
machine is programmed with sounds that have been 'sampled' from the electrical signals produced by the microphone. This means that measurements are taken at frequent regular intervals and then recorded as binary code.
20 The advantage of digital sound is that it has only two electrical 4
conditions: on and off. Sounds recorded in this way remain accurate.
When you press one of the drum pads, a signal is sent to the 5
microprocessor inside the machine which tells it which button is 25 being pressed. How hard you press and for how long, tells the
microprocessor how loud and at which tempo the sound should be. The sounds are then stored in the memory blocks. This means that you can repeat a pattern of drum sounds as many times as you like.
The digital-to-analogue converter changes the binary signals back 6 30 into electrical impulses so that they can be played back through an amplifier. The machine can also quantize, or shift the sounds being played, so that each is rhythmically perfect. If you hit a note a little ahead or behind the beat, the machine will automatically place the drum hit right on the beat.
Reading 2 Recognizing similar meaning
In English the same idea can be expressed in many different ways.
Choose the statement, a, b, or c, which is closest in meaning to this statement from the text:
When we hear sound, our ears are detecting changes in air pressure.
a Changes in the pressure of the air around us are what we hear as sound.
b Hearing is really only changes in air pressure.
с Our hearing depends on the pressure of the air around us.
Task 4 Find sentences in the text above which are similar in meaning to the following
statements. Compare your answers with your partner. Try to reach agreement on the right answer.
You don't need to play drums to make drum music; you need only touch the switches which match the sounds you want.
The memory of a drum machine contains pre-recorded sounds from drum kits.
A microphone records sound by converting changes in air pressure to electrical signals.
The patterns of the sound waves are matched by the characteristics of the electrical signals.
Signals are sampled regularly and often, and stored in binary form.
Digital sound stays true to the original.
Pressing one of the buttons indicates to the processor the loudness and speed of the music to be played.
You cannot make a mistake with the beat because the drum machine corrects any errors by itself.
Language study -ing forms
Words which end in -ing and sometimes behave like nouns are called '-ing forms'. They often refer to actions, processes and activities. Examples from the text on pages 85-86 are:
pressing touching vibrating banging recording They are often used when there are no ordinary nouns available. For example:
This receiver has very sensitive tuning. They are used after prepositions. For example:
Without touching a drum, you can make any drum sound you like.
Task 5 Use the correct form of the word in brackets in each of these sentences:
With a drum machine, you can play any drum sound by (press) the right button.
You can create drum music without (play) a drum.
What we hear as sound are (change) in air pressure.