- •Articulation basis of english
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them using the information from the table:
- •5. Listen to the poem; mind the intonation of the final words in each line. Learn the poem by heart.
- •6. Answer the questions for self-control:
- •The main terms of phonetics
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Read the following pairs of words and transcribe them. Single out the phonemes which are different in each pair.
- •6. Answer the questions for self control:
- •2. Study how to pronounce English aspirated consonants. Aspiration
- •Types of syllables
- •2. Study the rules for the following vowels and practice them in proverbs.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Read the following words, transcribe them, define the types of syllables which contain the underlined letters. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •6. Answer the questions for self control:
- •2. Study the rules for the following consonants and practice them in proverbs.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Read the following word combinations and sentences. Single out the cases of elision and transcribe them.
- •6. Answer the questions for self control:
- •Incredible [ n'kredbl] - [ ŋ'kredbl]
- •2. Study the rules for the following consonants and practice them in proverbs.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Read the following words, word-combinations, and sentences. Transcribe them and single out the cases of reduction or assimilation in them. Define the type of reduction or assimilation.
- •6. Answer the questions for self control:
- •1. Study the difference between weak and strong forms in English.
- •Strong and weak forms
- •4. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •5. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •6. Rewrite the following sentences in more natural English with contractions where appropriate. Underline the words which are in their weak and strong forms.
- •7. Transcribe a’s lines in the following telephone conversation between two friends. Underline the words in their weak forms. Dramatize the dialogue.
- •8. Answer the questions for self control:
- •Word stress
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Read and transcribe the following words, write them in the correct column. Analyze each word and explain the rules for word stress in them.
- •6. Put the following words into the correct column according to the pronunciation of -ea-.
- •7. Answer the questions for self control:
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Listen to the poem, put stress-tone marks. Learn the poem by heart.
- •6. Read the sentences aloud and mark the main stressed words in b’s responses. Dramatize the dialogue.
- •7. Answer the questions for self control:
- •Intonation
- •2. Study the rules for the following vowels and practice them in proverbs.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Listen to the text, divide the sentences into syntagms. Learn the text by heart.
- •6. Answer the questions for self control:
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
- •4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
- •5. Read the sentences, define their types, use the suitable nuclear tone:
- •6. Listen to the poem, put stress-tone marks. Mind the pronunciation of the enumeration. Learn the poem by heart.
- •7. Write the words in the right box. There are six words for each vowel sound.
- •6. Answer the questions for self control:
- •4. Listen to the text, put stress-tone marks. Mind the pauses. Learn the text by heart.
- •5. Answer the self control questions:
Incredible [ n'kredbl] - [ ŋ'kredbl]
In the same way d can change to b and g respectively, as in
red paint [‘red 'pe nt] - [‘reb 'pe nt]
It is also possible for t to change to p and k, though a more frequent possibility is for t, when followed by another consonant, to be realized as a glottal stop.
eight boys [‘e t 'b z] - [‘e p 'b z]
In the same way s and z can change to / ∫ / and / / respectively, but only before / ∫ / and /j / at the beginning of the next syllable. In you, you’re the /j/ may then disappear.
this shape [ Ә s '∫e p] - [ Ә ∫' ∫e p]
unless you … [ Λn 'les ju] -[ Λn'le∫ (j)u]
as you see [‘əz ju 'si:] - [‘ə (j)u 'si:]
Assimilation can also sometimes operate in the other direction: that is, a consonant can assimilate to the place of articulation of the consonant at the end of the preceding syllable ('progressive' assimilation). In English this applies only to syllabic n, changing it to syllabic [m].
ribbon (['r bən]) ['r bn] - ['r bm]
This assimilation can operate only if the words are said without a phonetic [ ə ] between the plosive and the nasal. Furthermore, it cannot apply if the sound after the nasal is a vowel.
2. Study the rules for the following consonants and practice them in proverbs.
a) / f / Graphical rules: 1. “f”, “ff” - flat, sniff; 2. “ph” - photo, phonetics; 3. “gh” - enough, laugh. Proverbs and sayings: 1. As fresh as a daisy. 2. As full as a boot. 3. A fair face may hide a foul heart. 4. Feast today and fast tomorrow |
b) / ∫ / Graphical rules: 1. “sh” - shoe, shelf; 2. “s”, “ss” - sure, assure; 3. “ch” - machine (words of French and Greek origin); 4. “ci” – delicious, sufficient 5. “tion”, “sion” - nation, confession Rare Spelling: luxury. Proverbs and sayings: 1. Shape up or ship out. 2. Share and share alike. 3. To be head and shoulders above. |
c) / v / Graphical rules: 1. “v” - village. Rare Spellings: of, nephew. Proverbs and sayings: 1. Like turkeys voting for Christmas. 2. A weaver in Vienna weaved a velvet jacket.
|
d) / r / Graphical rules: 1. “r”, “rr” - run, berry; 2. “wr”, “rh” - write, rhythm. Proverbs and sayings: 1. Marry in hustle, repent at leisure. 2. Pretty is as pretty does. 3. As rich as Croesus. 4. When in Rome do as the Romans do. |
3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the proverbs, choose 2-3 of them to explain.
E.g. “as fresh as a daisy” describes the charm of a pretty young girl.
4. Read the following words and transcribe them.
a) staff, graphic, sophomore, cough, tough, rough, afraid, off, first, conform, fragile, coffee;
b) shining, sufficient, caution, station, ocean, vacation, social, hush, impression, caution;
c) vomiting, twelve, leave, never, over, liver, very well, vain, advice, approve, proverb;
d) Marry, carriage, Wren, wrong, rhyme, rhetorical, spring, pretty, trolley, written, drive.