4. Answer the questions for self control.

1. What is intonation?

2. What are the components of intonation?

3. What functions does intonation perform?

4. What is a syntagm?

5. What characteristics of a syntagm do you know?

UNIT 2

1. Study the information about intonation patterns.

Intonation patterns containing a number of syllables consist of the following parts: the pre-head, the head, the nucleuses and the tail. The pre-head includes unstressed and half-stressed syllables preceding the first stressed syllable.

The head includes the stressed and unstressed syllables beginning with the first stressed syllable up to the last stressed syllable.

The last stressed syllable is called the nucleus. The unstressed and half-stressed syllables that follow the nucleus are called the tail.

e.g. It was a very sunny day yesterday.

It was a …… – the pre-head

... very sunny ... -- the head

... day … – the nucleus

... yesterday ... -- the tail.

The rises and falls that take place in the nucleus or start with it are called nuclear tones.

The nucleus is the most important part of the intonation pattern as it defines the communicative type of the sentence, determines the semantic value of the sense-group, indicates the communicative center of the sense-group or of the whole sentence.

The communicative center is associated with the most important word or words of the sense-group or of the sentence.

There are two main forms of pitch change: a fall and a rise. Accordingly we speak falling and rising tones carry with them a sense of completion and finality and categorical in character. The rising tones carry a sense of incompletion and are non-categorical in character.

2. Read the sentences. Divide them into syntagms. Find the pre-head, the head, and the tail in each syntagm. Put pauses and stress-tone marks. Practice reading the sentences aloud.

Example: You can take it if you want.||

1) "Global English" in a sociolinguistic context refers almost literally to the use of English as a global language.

2) The Global English Newsletter is designed to utilize the British Council’s Market Intelligence Service to monitor the changing role of English in the world.

3) "Global English" in George’s terms is more or less just a descriptive phrase for the imperial force of language.

4) Even many of the Web sites published in non-English-speaking lands are produced in English.

5) Thus, many people are unaware that they are racist.

6) In contrast, gender identity is not included in any of the three types of federal hate crime laws.

7) Last, in software and related technological circles, "Global English" signifies a kind of dialect of English that is presumed to be universally comprehensible.

8) WEB TRANSLATOR also works in reverse.

9) Following exactly the same process, it will take a Web page that's in French, Spanish or German, and turn it into English.

10) To be fair, Globalink doesn't claim perfection.