
- •Unit 4: Engineering materials and their properties
- •1. Read the text and say what engineering materials are used in it.
- •3. Use the information from the text and complete the following table. C lassification of Engineering Materials
- •4. Define whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •1. Read the text and say why metals are widely used in industry.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Translate the following sentences into English using active vocabulary.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •1. Read the text and say corrosion is.
- •1) Changes in materials technology
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •2) Working with new materials
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •Aluminium
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •III. Answer the following questions.
- •4) Metals and non-metals
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •5) Metals and alloys
- •I. Copy the underlined words and word-combinations, translate them into Ukrainian and learn them.
- •II. Answer the following questions.
- •1. Choose the right variant.
- •2. Change the words in brackets from Ukrainian into English. Machine-building materials
- •3. Fill in the missed words.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
Unit 4: Engineering materials and their properties
Engineering materials
Word list:
properties – властивості to work – обробляти metals – метали non-metals – неметали to divide – поділяти, класифікувати ferrous– чорні non-ferrous – кольорові to contain – містити (мати) в собі; вміщати iron– залізо cast iron – чавун steel – сталь alloys – сплави mixtures – суміші carbon – вуглець proportion – частина, частка to improve – удосконалювати(ся), поліпшувати(ся), кращати chromium – хром to include – містити в собі, охо-плювати, обіймати; включати to resist – чинити опір, протидіяти tungsten – вольфрам to increase – зростати; збільшува-ти(ся); посилювати(ся) |
aluminium – алюміній copper – мідь brass – жовта мідь, латунь plastics – пластмаса ceramics – кераміка to machine – піддавати меха-нічній обробці; обробляти на верстаті thermoplastics – термопластична пластмаса thermosets – термореактивна пластмаса to shape – надавати вигляду (фор-ми), виливати, формувати to reshape – надавати нового ви-гляду (іншої форми) to undergo (underwent, undergone) – зазнавати, зносити, переносити to harden – ставати твердим, тверднути to employ – вживати, застосовува-ти, використовувати to withstand – протистояти; ви-тримувати |
Exercises to the subject:
1. Read the text and say what engineering materials are used in it.
Engineers have to know the best and most economical materials to use. Engineers must also understand the properties of these materials and how they can be worked. There are two kinds of materials used in engineering – metals and non-metals. We can divide metals into ferrous and non-ferrous. The former contain iron and the latter do not contain iron. Cast iron and steel, which are both alloys or mixtures of iron and carbon, are the two most important ferrous metals. Steel contains a smaller proportion of carbon than cast iron. Certain elements can improve the properties of steel and are therefore added to it. For example, chromium may be included to resist corrosion and tungsten to increase hardness. Aluminium, copper, and the alloys (bronze and brass) are common non-ferrous metals.
Plastics and ceramics are non-metals; however, plastics may be machined like metals. Plastics are classified into two types – thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics can be shaped and reshaped by heat and pressure but thermosets cannot be reshaped because they undergo chemical changes as they harden. Ceramics are often employed by engineers when materials which can withstand high temperatures are needed.
2. Find the following word-combinations in English in the text: найкращі та найбільш економні матеріали; розуміти властивості матеріалів; види матеріалів, які використовуються у машинобудуванні; перший та останній; найважливіші чорні метали; менша частка вуглецю; певні елементи; протидіяти корозії; збільшувати міцність; загальновідомі кольорові метали; нагрівання та тиск.