3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the main function of the respiratory system?

2. What are the organs of the respiratory system?

3. What can the nose do?

4. What is the trachea?

5. What do the bronchi do?

6. What are the main organs of the respiratory system?

7. Where are the lungs located?

8. What does each lung have?

9. What does the structure of the lungs consist of?

10. What is the weight of the lungs?

11. How many alveoli are there in the lungs?

12. Where does the exchange of gases take place? Due to what?

13. What happens when we breathe in and out?

14. What is the respiratory rate in humans?

15. What is the vital capacity of the lungs in male and female?

4. Make up a story using the questions above. The Nervous System

1. Learn the following words:

brain – головной мозг,

spinal cord – спинной мозг,

central – центральный,

peripheral – периферический,

hemisphere – полушарие,

to be responsible for – отвечать,

memory – память,

speech – речь,

hearing – слух,

vision – зрение,

thalamus – таламус,

hypothalamus – гипоталамус,

sleep – сон,

appetite – аппетит,

smell – обоняние,

taste – вкус ,

transmit – передавать,

contain – содержать,

to enable – давать возможностью.

2. Read and translate the text.

The Nervous System

The nervous system is one of the main systems of the human body. It consists of central and peripheral nervous systems. The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

The brain is located in the skull. The weight of the brain is about 2 kg. There are 12 billion cells in it. It consists of grey and white substances.

There are 2 hemispheres in the brain. Each hemisphere has 4 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is responsible for memory and speech, temporal controls hearing, occipital – vision, parietal – movement. The hemispheres are connected by corpus callosum. Thalamus controls sensory stimuli. Hypothalamus, controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions and regulates hormones.

The cerebellum is responsible for coordination of movements. The brainstem controls the respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems. The pons connects the cerebellum and cerebrum with the rest of the brain.

The spinal cord is located in the spinal column. It consists of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral parts. The spinal cord is responsible for muscular contraction, movements, and all somatic functions of the body. The nerves in the spinal cord carry signals back and forth between the brain and the rest of the body. The peripheral nervous system consists of 43 pairs of nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which control smell, taste, hearing, and movements.

2 types of nerves exist: those which transmit sensations are called sensory nerves (optic nerve, auditory nerve, olfactory nerve) those which transmit orders are called motor nerves (oculomotor nerve). Most nerves contain motor and sensory neurons. They are called mixed nerves.

So the nervous system enables us to think, feel, move, hear and see. There are many diseases of the nervous system, e.g. polio, meningitis, encephalitis, radiculitis, neuralgia, psychosis, schizophrenia, epilepsy.