4. Make up a story using the questions above. The Digestive System

1. Learn the following words:

oral cavity – ротовая полость,

esophagus – пищевод,

stomach – желудок,

intestine – кишечник,

gland – железа,

permanent tooth (pl. teeth) – коренной зуб,

tongue – язык,

throat – глотка,

salivary gland – слюнная железа,

saliva – слюна,

to break down – расщеплять,

enzyme – фермент,

nutrients – питательные вещества,

dehydrated – обезвоженный,

wastes – каловые массы,

to eliminate – выводить,

liver – печень,

bile – желчь,

fat – жир,

poison – яд,

gallbladder – желчный пузырь,

pancreas – поджелудочная железа,

digestion – пищеварение,

stomatitis – стоматит,

glossitis – глоссит (воспаление языка),

esophagitis – воспаление пищевода,

gastritis – гастрит,

peptic ulcer disease – язвенная болезнь,

gastroenteritis – гастроэнтерит,

colon and rectal cancer – рак толстой и прямой кишки.

2. Read and translate the text.

The Digestive System

It is one of the main systems of the human organism. It consists of oral cavity (mouth), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and glands. The oral cavity consists of teeth, tongue and salivary glands. 32 permanent teeth are used to chop food into small bits.

The tongue moves food around and pushes it down the throat.

The salivary glands produce saliva which is used to break down large molecules into smaller molecules.

From the oral cavity food passes through the esophagus into the stomach. The stomach produces enzymes and hydrochloric acid which are chemi­cally changing food. The small intestine is along (6,5 m) musculomembraneous tube, which consists of duodenum, jejunum and ilium.

The small intestine produces enzymes that further break down the nu­trients that pass through it.

The large intestine (1,5 m) consists of cecum, colon and rectum. The remains of the food pass into the large intestine as a kind of soup.

Water is transferred to the blood from the soup through the walls of the capillaries that line the large intestine. The partially dehydrated wastes are eliminated from the organism through the anus.

There are some glands in the organism. Liver is the largest gland in the body. It weighs 1,5 kg. It produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats. It cleans poisons out of the blood and regulates blood's composition.

Gallbladder simply stores bile from the liver until food is consumed. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice which is necessary for digestion.

There are some diseases of the digestive organs, e.c. (for example) stomatitis, glossitis, esophagitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastroenteritis, colon and rectal cancer, etc.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What does digestive system consist of?

2. What does oral cavity consist of?

3. What are permanent teeth used for?

4. What does tongue do?

5. What do salivary glands produce?

6. Where does foot pass from the oral cavity?

7. What does stomach produce?

8. What does small intestine consist of?

9. What does small intestine produce?

10. What does large intestine consist of?

11. Where do the remains of the foot pass?

12. What is the largest gland in the body?

13. What does liver produce and do?

14. What does gallbladder do?

15. What does pancreas produce?

16. What are some diseases of digestive system?