- •Пояснительная записка
- •Unit 1. Electric current
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Electric current
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Unit 2. Electricity
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Electricity
- •Answer the questions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Render the text into English.
- •Give the summary of the text. Other generating sources
- •Discuss these questions in pairs.
- •Unit 3. Resistance
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Resistance
- •Answer the questions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Match the words with the meanings.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Give the summary of the text.
- •Discuss the questions or statements in pairs.
- •Unit 4. Magnetism and electromagnetism
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Magnetism and electromagnetism
- •Answer the questions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Render the text into English.
- •Give the summary of the text.
- •Match these words to their definitions.
- •Discuss the statements in pairs.
- •Unit 5. Inductance
- •Words to remember
- •Read the text and ask 6-8 questions.
- •Inductance
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Render the text into English.
- •Give the summary of the text.
- •In pairs discuss the topics.
- •Unit 6 (part 1). Capacitors
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Capacitors
- •Unit 6 (part 2). Capacitors
- •Read the text. Capacitors
- •Классификация конденсаторов
- •Unit 6 (part 3). Power capacitors
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Power capacitors
- •Unit 7 (part 1). Conductors and insulators
- •Insulators and Conductors
- •Find English equivalents of the following words and word combinations in the text.
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •What answer is incorrect?
- •Answer the questions.
- •Unit 7 (part 2). Conductors and insulators
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Suspension insulators
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Match items in column a with items in column b.
- •Complete the table using information from the texts.
- •Unit 7 (part 3). Conductors and insulators
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Conductors
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Find English equivalents of the following sentences in the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Retell the text ‘Conductors’ using the following word combinations.
- •Unit 7 (part 4). Conductors and insulators
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Conductor coverings and connectors
- •Find English equivalents for the following words and word combinations in the text.
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Explain the following terms.
- •Put the questions to each paragraph of the text. Unit 7 (part 5). Conductors and insulators
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Porcelain Vs. Polymer
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the table and speak about polymer and porcelain.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Unit 8. Semiconductors
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text and ask 6-8 questions. Semiconductors
- •Find English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations in the text.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Give the summary of the text.
- •In pairs discuss the topics.
- •Unit 9. Batteries
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Batteries
- •Литиево-ионная батарея
- •Give the summary of the text. Categories and Types of Batteries
- •Unit 10. Amplifiers and oscillators
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Amplifiers and oscillators
- •Match these words to their definitions.
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Unit 11 (part 1). The distribution system
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. The distribution system
- •Unit 11 (part 2). Determining distribution voltages
- •Determining distribution voltages
- •Render the text into English.
- •Retell the text using the following words and word-combinations.
- •Unit 12 (part 1). The primary circuit
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. The primary circuit
- •Primary network
- •Unit 12 (part 2). Secondary circuits
- •Secondary circuits
- •Unit 13. Cogeneration
- •Cogeneration
- •Unit 14 (part 1). Motors
- •Dc motors
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Find synonyms of the following words in the text.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Speak about dc motors.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Unit 14 (part 2). Ac motors
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Ac motors
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Find synonyms of the following words in the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Speak about ac motors. Unit 14 (part 3). Brushed dc motors
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Brushed dc Motors
- •Match items in column a) with items in column b).
- •Put questions to the text. Motor types
- •Complete the table using the information from the text and speak about different types of motors using the table.
- •Give the summary of the text. The Development of Electric Motor
- •Unit 15. Extra high voltage alternators
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Extra high voltage alternators
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Unit 16. Indicating meters
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text.
- •Indicating meters
- •Answer the questions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Render the text into English.
- •Give the summary of the text.
- •Discuss the statement in pairs.
- •Unit 17 (part 1). Transformers
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Transformers
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Put all types of questions to the following sentence.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Make up the plan to the text and retell it.
- •Give the summary of the text.
- •Unit 17 (part 2). Transformers
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. How the transformer works
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Retell the text. Unit 17 (part 3). Transformers
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Transformer rating
- •Give the English equivalents of the following sentences.
- •Make up the plan to the text and retell it. Unit 17 (part 4). Transformers
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Methods of Transformer Cooling
- •Unit 17 (part 5). Transformers
- •Distribution Transformers
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Unit 18. Fuse cutouts
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Fuse cutouts
- •Give the English equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Speak about fuse cutouts. Unit 19. The tunnel diode
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. The tunnel diode
- •Match these words to their definitions.
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Unit 20. Electrical filters
- •Words to remember.
- •Read the text. Electrical filters
- •Give the Russian equivalents of the following expressions.
- •Are the following sentences True or False?
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •Render the text into English.
- •Appendix a. University and faculty Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University
- •I. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the following expressions: You are right. You are wrong. You are mistaken. Give your reasons.
- •II. Ask your partner.
- •III. Ask your partner.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •The Automation and Electrical Mechanics Department
- •Appendix b. Outstanding scientists
- •I. Read the texts. Outstanding Scientists
- •Georg Simon Ohm
- •James Joule
- •Benjamin Franklin
- •Hans Christian Orsted
- •Michael Faraday
- •Thomas Alva Edison
- •Nikola Tesla
- •James Watt
- •André-Marie Ampère
- •Georg Simon Ohm
- •Joseph Henry
- •Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
- •Marie Skłodowska Curie
- •William Thomson
- •James Clerk Maxwell
- •Lodygin
- •Yablochkov
- •II. Render the texts into English. Исаак Ньютон
- •Томас Алва Эдисон
- •Мария Склодовская–Кюри
- •Appendix c. Grammar references The Infinitive
- •Функции инфинитива
- •Структуры с инфинитивом The Complex Subject (сложное подлежащее)
- •Passive
- •The Complex Object (сложное дополнение)
- •I. Translate the sentences with Infinitive into Russian.
- •II. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to function of Infinitive.
- •III. Translate the sentences into English using different forms of the Infinitive.
- •Complex Subject with the Infinitive
- •I. Complete the sentences using the verb in brackets and translate.
- •II. Translate the sentences into English using Complex Subject with the Infinitive.
- •III. Put questions to the words given in bold type.
- •IV. Answer the questions using the verb in brackets.
- •V. Find the predicate in sentences. Determine the function of the Infinitive in sentences and translate them.
- •Complex Object with the Infinitive
- •I. Translate the following sentences form English into Russian.
- •II. Answer the question using the verb in brackets.
- •III. Translate from Russian into English.
- •The Participle (причастие)
- •The Absolute Participial Construction Независимый Причастный Оборот
- •I. Determine the function of the participle in sentences and translate them.
- •II. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the Participle I and II.
- •IV. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •V. Complete the sentences choosing the appropriate form of the Participle I or II in brackets.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the translation of Participle II with adverbs.
- •Absolute participle construction
- •I. Find the sentences with Absolute participle construction and translate them.
- •II. Translate the sentences into English.
- •III. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Absolute participle construction.
- •The Gerund (герундий)
- •Функции
- •I. Put the questions to the words given in bold type.
- •II. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using Gerund.
- •III. Translate from English into Russian.
- •IV. Find the sentences with Gerund and Participle, determine the function and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Revision Exercises
- •Appendix d. Writing a summary
- •Appendix e. Writing letters
- •I. Letter Layout
- •Components of a Letter
- •Sample of a formal letter and an envelope
- •1. Write the following dates which are placed below the sender’s address:
- •2. Correct mistakes in the following dates:
- •3. Complete the following by indicating the dates in the body of the Letter.
- •5. Correct the following letter layout:
- •II. Letters of Invitation task
- •Letter 1
- •Second International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science srms-2 October 31 – November 4, 2005 International Conference Center Kobe Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
- •Letter 3
- •International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •1. Write a letter in which you:
- •2. Write a letter in which you:
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •1. Write a letter in which you:
- •2. Write a letter in which you:
- •Read the samples and notice phrases and sentences that express a request.
- •Letter 4
- •Letter 5
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 2
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •1. Write a letter in which you:
- •2. Write a letter in which you:
- •1. Write a letter in which you:
- •2. Write a letter in which you:
- •IV. Letters of Inquiry
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 3
- •Letter 4
- •Tasks 1
- •Letter 1
- •Letter 1
- •1. Write a letter in which you:
- •2. Write a letter in which you:
- •1. Write a letter in which you:
- •2. Write a letter in which you:
- •3. Write a letter in which you:
- •Test on Letter-writing Situations
- •The curriculum vitae
- •The letter of application
- •Making a presentation
- •Appendix f. Supplementary texts Tesla coil
- •Superconductivity
- •Linear motors
- •Brushless dc electric motor
- •Coreless dc Motors
- •Classification of a.C. Motors
- •Synchronous motors
- •Asynchronous motors
- •Induction Motor : General Principle
- •Stepper motors
- •Magnetism
- •Sources of magnetism
- •Diamagnetism
- •Paramagnetism
- •Ferromagnetism
- •Magnetic domains
- •603950, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24.
- •Т.В. Захарченко, л.С. Исмакова, н.В. Соколова
- •Guide to electrical study
- •Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов II курса фаэ
Are the following sentences True or False?
One of the most important applications of electron tube and transistors is to oscillate voltage, power or current.
The electron tube and the transistor are the devices in which oscillation is one of the requirements.
The common-base circuit has an output resistance that is very low with respect to the input resistance.
The common-collector circuit produces a medium current gain.
DC bias voltage requirements are the same for amplifiers and oscillators.
The feed-back signal is applied in phase with the signal at the output.
For sustained oscillations, the power gain of the amplifier network must be less than unity.
The feed-back power must be less to the input power to sustain oscillations.
Answer the questions.
What is one of the most important amplifications of electron tubes and transistors?
What device collects current in an electron tube?
How does current travel in a transistor?
What are the definitions of an amplifier?
What governs the amount of amplification?
What amount of current does the common-emitter circuit produce?
What are the advantages of the common-emitter circuit?
What is the main function of an oscillator?
What condition is necessary for sustained oscillations?
How is the power output divided in practical oscillator circuits?
Complete the following sentences.
One of the most important applications of … and … is to amplify voltage, power or current.
In an electron tube the … collects the current.
Current carriers travel from … to … in a transistor.
The common-base circuit produces a … transfer of less than unity.
The common-emitter circuit has an output … that is medium with respect to the … resistance.
The … generated are determined by the value of circuit components.
The elements of an … circuit may consist of an … network or a … network.
DC … voltage requirements for … are similar to those for amplifiers.
Since there is a 180 phase … between the … and … of electron tube and … amplifiers the feed-back must provide an additional 180 phase shift.
The … output is divided between the load and the … network.
Render the text into English.
Электронный усилитель – усилитель электрических сигналов, в усилительных элементах которого используется явление электрической проводимости в газах, вакууме и полупроводниках. Электронный усилитель может представлять собой как самостоятельное устройство, так и блок (функциональный узел) в составе какой-либо аппаратуры – радиоприёмника, магнитофона, измерительного прибора и т. д.
Усилитель представляет собой, в общем случае, последовательность каскадов усиления (бывают и однокаскадные усилители), соединённых между собой последовательно.
Каскад усиления – ступень усилителя, содержащая один или несколько усилительных элементов, цепи нагрузки и связи с предыдущими или последующими ступенями.
В качестве усилительных элементов обычно используются электронные лампы или транзисторы (биполярные, полевые), иногда могут применяться и двухполюсники, например, туннельные диоды (используется свойство отрицательного сопротивления) и др. Полупроводниковые усилительные элементы (а иногда и вакуумные) могут быть не только дискретными (отдельными), но и интегральными (в составе микросхем). Часто в одной микросхеме реализуется полностью законченный усилитель.
В зависимости от способа включения усилительного элемента различаются каскады с общей базой, общим эмиттером, общим коллектором, общим затвором, общим истоком, общим стоком и общей сеткой, общим катодом, общим анодом (у ламп).
Каскады усиления могут быть однотактными и двухтактными.
Однотактный усилитель – усилитель, в котором входной сигнал поступает во входную цепь одного усилительного элемента или одной группы элементов, соединённых параллельно.
Двухтактный усилитель – усилитель, в котором входной сигнал поступает одновременно во входные цепи двух усилительных элементов или двух групп усилительных элементов, соединённых параллельно, со сдвигом по фазе на 180°.
Виды усилителей по элементной базе:
ламповый усилитель – усилитель, усилительными элементами которого служат электронные лампы;
полупроводниковый усилитель – усилитель, усилительными элементами которого служат полупроводниковые приборы (транзисторы, микросхемы и др.);
гибридный усилитель – усилитель, часть каскадов которого собрана на лампах, часть – на полупроводниках;
квантовый усилитель – устройство для усиления электромагнитных волн за счёт вынужденного излучения возбуждённых атомов, молекул или ионов.
Колебательный контур – осциллятор, представляющий собой электрическую цепь, содержащую соединённые катушку индуктивности и конденсатор. В такой цепи могут возбуждаться колебания тока (и напряжения). Колебательный контур – простейшая система, в которой могут происходить свободные электромагнитные колебания.
П
ри
соединении конденсатора с катушкой
индуктивности, в цепи потечёт ток
,
что вызовет в катушке электродвижущую
силу (ЭДС) самоиндукции,
направленную на уменьшение тока в цепи.
Ток, вызванный этой ЭДС (при отсутствии
потерь в индуктивности) в начальный
момент будет равен току разряда
конденсатора, то есть результирующий
ток будет равен нулю. Магнитная энергия
катушки в этот (начальный) момент равна
нулю.
Затем результирующий ток в цепи будет возрастать, а энергия из конденсатора будет переходить в катушку до полного разряда конденсатора. В этот момент электрическая энергия конденсатора EC = 0. Магнитная же энергия, сосредоточенная в катушке, напротив, максимальна и равна
,
где
– индуктивность
катушки,
– максимальное значение тока.
После этого начнётся перезарядка конденсатора, то есть заряд конденсатора напряжением другой полярности. Перезарядка будет проходить до тех пор, пока магнитная энергия катушки не перейдёт в электрическую энергию конденсатора. Конденсатор, в этом случае, снова будет заряжен до напряжения − U0.
В результате в цепи возникают колебания, длительность которых будет обратно пропорциональна потерям энергии в контуре.
