- •Английский язык в профессиональной сфере общения
- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •Part 1. International organizations Text 1
- •1. Check the transcription in the dictionary and read the words listed below.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean:
- •International organizations
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate into English.
- •1. Check the transcription in the dictionary and read the words listed below.
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: European community
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Fill in the prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases
- •3. Arrange the sentences from the text "European community" in their logical order.
- •European Union
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: osce - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: unesco
- •Part 2. International scientific projects Text 1
- •Human Genome Project
- •Hgp History and Findings
- •Hgp Benefits
- •Large Hadron Collider
- •International Space Station
- •Part 3. Information technologies of the 21st century Text 1
- •Brief history of the computer industry
- •1. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences according the information in the text.
- •2. Join suitable parts.
- •3. Match the synonyms.
- •1. Check the transcription in the dictionary and read the words listed below.
- •3. Read the text: The rise of the personal computer
- •1. Answer the questions.
- •3. Arrange the sentences in their logical sequence.
- •4. Say what you have learnt about the development of the computer industry. Begin your story with the phrases listed below.
- •Text 3 a computer system
- •1. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text: a computer system
- •1. Arrange the sentences from the text " New Agent, New Help" in their logical order.
- •2. Match the synonyms.
- •2. Check the transcription in the dictionary and read the words listed below.
- •1. Answer the questions
- •2. Before reading the text opposite, match these words and phrases with their definitions.
- •3. Read the text: Computer networks
- •1. Read quickly through the text, then match each paragraph with the appropriate summary.
- •2. Read this summary of the text and fill in the gaps using the list of the words below
- •3. Now look back in the text and find words that have opposite meaning to:
- •1. Before reading the text, try to decide which of the following definitions best describes a management information system:
- •2. Decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), then read the passage to check your answers.
- •3. Read the text:
- •Information systems
- •2. Using your completed diagram from Task 2, write a paragraph explaining how information is processed by information systems. Do not look back at the text itself.
2. Match the synonyms.
Nouns:
1. component |
a) operation |
2. purpose |
b) aim |
3. device |
c) preference |
4. advantage |
d) data |
5. capacity |
e) part |
6. aid |
f) help |
|
g) power |
|
h) apparatus |
Verbs:
1. combine |
a) allow |
2. require |
b) involve |
3. support |
c) print |
4. solve |
d) recognize |
5. include |
e) decide |
6. type |
f) link |
|
g) demand |
|
h) encourage |
2. Check the transcription in the dictionary and read the words listed below.
Verbs
solve, store, require, distribute, access, deal with, stream
Adjectives
substantial, financial, solid, conventional
Adverbs
collectively, originally, directly, economically, automatically
Text 4
Lead-in:
1. Answer the questions
1) What is a LAN?
2) What is a WAN?
3) What is distributed system?
2. Before reading the text opposite, match these words and phrases with their definitions.
1. protocol |
a) analyse the syntax of a string of input symbols |
2. bulletin board |
b) a teleconferencing system allowing users to read messages left by others users |
3. user interface |
c) agreement governing the procedures used to exchange information between co-operating computers |
4. make a query |
d) means of communication between a human user and a computer system |
5. parse |
e) taking place at exactly the same time as something else |
6. synchronous |
f) request a search |
3. Read the text: Computer networks
Computer networks link computers by communication lines and software protocols, allowing data to be exchanged rapidly and reliably. Traditionally, networks have been split between wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs). A WAN is a network connected over long distance telephone lines, and a LAN is a localized network usually in one building or a group of buildings close together. The distinction, however, is becoming blurred. It is now possible to connect up LANs remotely over telephone links so that they look as though they are a single LAN.
Originally, networks were used to provide terminal access to central database. The PC passes the query, written in a special language (e.g. Structured Query Language - SQL), to the mainframe, which then parses the query, returning to the user only the data requested. The user might then use his PC to draw graphs based on the data. By passing back to the user's PC only the specific information requested, network traffic is reduced. If the whole file were transmitted, the PC would then have to perform the query itself, reducing the efficiency of both network and PC.
In the 1980s, at least 100,000 LANs were set up in laboratories and offices around the world. During the early part of this connect up LANs remotely over telephone links so that they look as though they are a single LAN. Originally, networks were used to provide terminal access to another computer and to transfer files between computers. Today, networks carry e-mail, provide access to public databases and bulletin boards, and are beginning to be used for distributed systems. Networks also allow users in one locality to share expensive resources, such as printers and disk-systems.
Distributed computer systems are built using networked computers that co-operate to perform tasks. In this environment each part of the networked system does what it is best at. The high-quality bitmapped graphics screen of a personal computer or workstation provides a good user interface. The mainframe, on the other hand, can handle large numbers of queries and return the results to the users. In a distributed environment, a user might use his PC to make a query against a network and PC.
In the 1980s, at least 100.000 LANs were set up in laboratories and offices around the world. During the early part of this decade, synchronous orbit satellites lowered the price of long-distance telephone calls, enabling computer data and television signals to be distributed more cheaply around the world. Since then, fibre-optic cable has been installed on a large scale, enabling vast amounts of data to be ransmitted at a very high speed using light so signals.
The impact of fibre optics will be considerably to reduce the price of network access. Global communication and computer networks will become more and more a part of professional and personal lives as the price of microcomputers and network access drops. At the same time, distributed computer networks should improve our work environments and technical abilities.
Tasks: