1. What is text?

• the ultimate complete unit of written speech is a text

• the text comes from texts which means sth woven together

• text as a highest level of language system received different definitions because a wide use of texts in different spheres of life makes them heterogeneous both structurally and functionally

• a text is a complex entity. It is a unity of 2 aspects: the material and social

• a text is a material manifestation of verbal science which is distinguishes by coherence and integrity.

• A text is a product of language use which is distinguished by a certain intentionality or pragmatic orientation.

2. What are the main features of a text?

From the point of view of user the main features of the text is informatively – the ability to carry a message. Informativeness is the real world that is the access of orientation while reading a text. The 2^nd meaning – context.

Intentionality is text type (political speech, sensational news, ads). All require the choice of particular language structures.

The main feature of text from the point of view of text itself is coherence or compositional features.

Text as a product of language use is the ultimate complete unit which is distinguishes by a certain predmetic orientation, informativeness and coherence.

2. Different approaches to study the text There’s a special branch in linguistics which treats text – textual linguistics. The linguistic aspect of text involves the study of text in terms of coherence. Another branch which studies text is pragmalinguistics/ It studies the functional aspect of text production that is context and discourse. The 3rd approach – text as the object of philological study. 4th approach – text as the unit of the art of understanding (hermeneutics)/ the 5th approach – semiotics (the study of signs).

4. The main categories of textual structure -thematazation -progression -cohesion

5. What is thematization? All texts have an introductory segment (an orientation or a setting or initiating event segments) which must be present before the rest of the text can be properly formed. The reader actively looks for a sentence in initial positial that will indicate the general thought of the text (a text level theme) Thematization introduces heroes, narrator, time & place. Theme – the given info, starting point. Rheme – new info. Theme is a clause initial element. Rheme is the developing of the theme

6. Progression as a textual category Progression is a standard text linguistic paragraph, a unit defined by indentic thing. Many paragraphs contain the theory – it’s a logical unit of discourse. Characteristics: -it’s a group of sentences developing one central idea. It usually begins with a topic sentence it handles & exhausts a distinct topic -it’s an independent self-contained whole -it is a composition in miniature