29. Optimal structure of science.

Organizational postulates.

In a sovereign country the high level of science development – is one of the principal guarantor of sovereignty. However a support for the high level of science costs for a country expensive, and then optimization of science structure – is an everlasting urgent state problem. On different stages of state development the optimal structure is from the primitive formation of separate laboratories and testing stations to the integral state system.

If a country tends to become a high developed state and for this it objectively has necessary natural resource indicator, demographic and intellectual potential, hence, there is ripened a problem of creation of united general state system of science and education. As a rule, organization of science of today practically has an island character, fragmentary, non-system character: scientific organizations function both as in systems of different academies, high education institutions, in ministries and agencies, so in form of separate industrial laboratories and expeditions.

ORGANIZATIONAL POSTULATES

Any system of knowledge at its theoretical understanding requires a statement of the initial elementary base: initial basis conceptions or relations being proved and postulated. In this case for construction of the optimal structure of science the following postulates are obvious.

Postulate 1. Foreign investors are objectively not interested in development of the fundamental science in the neighboring or other countries since they are not interested in origin of potential competitors on the market of goods and services.

Postulate 2. Private business is objectively not in state to provide necessary volumes of financing necessary for general state system of science, thus, the private business cannot provide a permanent continuous exponential growth of scientific investigations, which is vitally necessary for the progressive civilized development of the state.

Postulate 3. Only a state affords keeping and developing the fundamental science and this keeping and development are objectively possible only at the expense of the state budget funds.

30. Horizontal scheme.

As it was shown earlier the science of today has an island character, mosaic character and is organizationally realized in the form of horizontal scheme. It is believed that the elementary cell of the state organizational structure of science is a research institute (RI). The essence of today’s horizontal scheme is in the following: under any substance (academy, scientific centre, ministry, state committee and etc.) there are created (and exist) agency-level institutes which, as a rule, do not interact with each other, that is do not have interrelated plans of scientific work and general management authority.

In the number of such agency-level institutions the fundamental institutions are functioning, the problem of which is a discovery of new laws of nature, and applied institutions, the problem of which is not a discovery of laws, but application of known ones for solution of specific problems of the agency, and industrial laboratories which are devoted to perfection of the technological processes. However a practice of scientific life shows that the applied institutions in significant power also practice investigations of the fundamental character, as a rule, having neither scientific base, nor staff of necessary qualification.

From these points of view the horizontal scheme of science, dominating now, practically in all countries of the world, is quite far from the optimum and, correspondingly, does not have historical perspective. It is presented for us, that the more vital and historically perspective can be a vertical scheme of science. It is likely, exactly the vertical scheme is the optimal one for many decades forward.