41. Название (Title)

Title - is the only part of article which will be read without fail. It is obvious that the title will be read by the most quantity of readers, and exactly saying by all those who will look through the content of this issue of the journal, and also those who find your article when searching. Probably, thousands of people will look through the title and only units will read all the entire article. The title's function - is to attract as many as possible readers interested in reading of the article. In order to attract an attention of just those who the article can be interesting for, the title should be as exact as possible and corresponds completely to article's content. Just that is why to take words for the title it is necessary to do it with great thoroughness, especially taking into account their information completeness, importance and compatibility. If the title will not reflect the content of the article appropriately, then it is possible that the article will never be read by those specialists for which it was intended.

The title of the article should not be very long or very short and should contain not less than 3 and no more than 15 words (not considering prepositions). Nowadays the titles' headings are too long because of presence of waste words. These words are called waste because they do not have any information. It is very often when such words are in the beginning of the title.

They are the following: "Studies on" (Изучение), "Observations on" (Наблюдение ), "On the" (К вопросу о  ), "A study of " (Изучение ), "Research on" (Исследование..), "Report on" (Отчет о  ), "Regarding" (К вопросу о ), and "Use of" (Использование)

Indefinite articles "A" and "An" in the beginning of the heading are also relates to waste words.

List of authors

A modern scientist, besides seldom exception, does not work alone. And it means that the most part of research have more than one author. For the first view, writing of the author's list represents the most simple part of the article. And it happens that way. But not always. Questions about whom to include in the list of authors and in what order to place the names not seldom became the sources of serious controversies, and even to the cases that colleagues became enemies. A general rule, whom and in what order to list, does not exist. Until the recent past there was (and still now strong) the general tradition to include in the list of authors the head of the laboratory (professor, manager of research group) regardless whether he or she participated in the research or not. In this case his or her surname is placed in the last place. Gradually to be the last in the list of authors became prestigious. Nowadays there prevails the tendency to consider the first in the list to be the "elder" author. As a result the "important" author usually pretends on either the first or the last place in the list, but not on a place in the middle. In several fields of science, for example, in mathematics and physics, names of authors are placed in alphabetic order.

Abstract

The next part of an article - is a brief presentation of its content. It is called heading abstract, resume, summary. Abstract - is a brief presentation of article's content. It takes the second place after the title on the readability. Its function - to direct more exact the potential readers relatively to the content of the publication and to interest them so much that they have the desire to read the entire text. The abstract is a mini-version of the article, that is it should contain all its parts, but in a very shorten form. If the abstract is written well, then with help of it one can fast and exactly get to know how the content of the article connects with your work, what will help to make a decision about necessity of reading the entire article. Usually the abstract contains no more than 250 words, is organized as one paragraph and there can be written only that what is the main text.

The abstract should briefly describe:

- objectives of research;

- methods;

- results;

- important conclusions.

There are often used the Past Indefinite in the abstract.

References to literary sources, as a rule, are not admitted.

If the abstract is too long, then, it is more likely, that it contains too many details or  you just forgot to count the words (signs). The abstract is not the place for long detailed explanations of the methodology, history of question, discussions on theme of prospects of further research. In addition, if the maximal number of words is 250, and you wrote only 95, then, it is more likely, that the abstract reflects the content of the article too slightly. In addition, it is worth to remember, that the content of the abstract should be balanced. It is bad, if you use 200 words from 250 for description of the work urgency, its objectives and problems and only 50 words for description of its all other parts. Never include in the abstract the information or conclusions, which are not contained in the article itself.

Key words

Nowadays the key words are the mandatory element of a publication in any peer-review scientific journal. The key words can be called a search image of a scientific article. By value and meaning the set of key words is close to annotation (abstract), plan or synopsis, since it also represents the document with minimal specification, but the set of key words is deprived of syntactic structure. In all bibliographic data-bases the search of articles by key words is possible. If you want that your article was found by interested readers, then do not limit the time for writing of the list of key words, which should reflect the basic items, achievements, results, points of interest. The objective of the key words is to increase the probability of finding of your article at searching in the bibliographic and full-text data-bases of scientific literature. And this means that the key words should differ from that combination of words, which is the title of the article. The key words should add, extend and rephrase the title of the article, but remains specific on content. They should cover those important and specific aspects of your investigation which are not reflected in the title of the article.