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- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Scarcity wages Everyone goes through life having to make ... .
- •The price paid for the use of land is called .SSa
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions and word-combinations:
- •Inform the group about your activities and find out if he or she does the same:
- •Express doubt concerning the truth of the following statements:
- •Ask about the following as in the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •Open the brackets using the Present Indefinite Tense in the Passive Voice:
- •Read and change the sentences according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 16
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 43
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 52
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 60
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 67
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 73
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 96
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 119
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 125
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 222
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 232
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 165
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups; 178
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 182
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 196
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 203
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and words-combinations:
- •Refer the following statements to the past:
- •Ask questions to which the following statements are answers:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •: Don't mention it.
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •Express the following in Hie Passive Voice:
- •Ask questions to the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Read and translate the texf:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Inform the group about the future activités or states:
- •Ask for confirmations of the truth of the following statements:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text;
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Make the following sentences passive:
- •Translate the verbs in brackets in English using them in Ihe necessary tense-form:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Put questions to the italicized words:
- •Xf. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Vil. Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences using the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word'r combinations and word-groups: .
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Put the infinitives in Tense:
- •Paraphrase the following sentences as in the model:
- •Translate into English using the Past Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •XIII. Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences using the Passiv« Voice:
- •Ask when and IV/iaf-questions using the Passive Voice:
- •Translate into English using the Past Continuous Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •V V. Answer the following questions:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences from direct into indirect speech:
- •Translate into English using the Future Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks wilfi appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •V VI. Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Transform the negative form of the Present Continuous Tense into the affirmative form of the Present Perfect Tense (the Active Voice):
- •Put the infinitives in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense (the Active Voice):
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Ask questions as in the model:
- •Ask when and where-questions using the Passive Voice:
- •Translate into English, using the Present Perfect Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinafions and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change from direct into indirect speech:
- •Ask questions as in the model:
- •Translate into English using the Past Perfect Tense (the Active Voice):
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Make up one complex sentence according to the mo* del:
- •Make the following sentences passive:
- •Translate info English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences using the Future Perfect Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •Use the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word* combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 16
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 44
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 53
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 61
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 68
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 74
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 97
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 119
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 125
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 220
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 230
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 165
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups; 178
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 182
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 196
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 203
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Combine the given two sentences into one using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •Complete the following sentences as in the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Reed and memorize the following words, word-combi- nations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •What is price index usually created by? What is the Gross National Product? What can a price index be used for?
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Complete the following sentences as in the model using the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •Ask questions to which the following statements are answers:
- •Translate into English:
- •LeSsOn 20
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinafionj and word-groups:
- •II. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences into subordinate clauses by making them depend upon one of the principal clauses given below: they knew; he found out; she was sure; we decided; it was clear; etc.
- •Change the verbs in the principle clause into the Past Indefinite Tense and make all the necessary changes in the subordinate clause:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinafjons and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Answer the following questions as in the models:
- •Change the following sentences using the Present Subjunctive II and the Conditional Mood:
- •Translate into English using the Conditional Mood:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text;
- •Answer the following questions:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 16
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 44
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 53
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 61
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 68
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 74
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 97
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 119
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 125
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 222
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 232
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 165
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups; 178
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 182
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 196
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 203
- •Define the terms:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Paraphrase the sentences as in the model: ;
- •Paraphrase the sentences as in the model:
- •Translate into English using Subjunctive I:
- •Communicative situations: л
- •International markets for commodities and currencies
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Vui. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences using the Present Subjunctive II in the subordinate clauses:
- •Paraphrase the following sentences;
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Deline the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Paraphrase the sentences using Subjunctive II as in the model:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •It. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Replace the attributive clauses by the Infinitive:
- •Make sentences with seem and appear according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up youp own dialogue using the following expressions and word-combinations:
- •Combine the given two sentences into one using Ihe Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the following terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences into simple ones using the Subjective Infinitive Complex:
- •Change the sentences according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups;
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following sentences using participle phrases instead of the subordinate clauses:
- •Translate into English using Participle I, Participle II where it is necessary:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents o! the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words;
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Participle Complex:
- •I saw them working at the stock market.
- •1. I noticed them as they were trying to sell their bonds.
- •Paraphrase the following using the Objective Participle Complex:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Absolute Participle Complex:
- •Read and translate these sentenses. Pay attention to the use of the Absolute Participle Complex:
- •Translate into English using the Absolute Participle Complex:
- •Communicative situations:
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks wrth appropriate words:
- •Two countries that trade can together ... More output than they could in the absence of trade.
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Change these sentences according to the models:
- •Translate into English using Gerunds: о
- •Communicative situations:
- •International development
- •Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Fill in the blanks wrth appropriate words:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Define the terms:
- •Translate info English:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following «expressions:
- •Change the following sentences according to the models:
- •Complete these sentenses using Gerunds:
- •Translate into English using Gerunds:
- •Communicative situations: "
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 16
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 44
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 53
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 61
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 68
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 74
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 97
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 119
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 125
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 222
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 232
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 165
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups; 178
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 182
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 196
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 203
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 16
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 44
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 53
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 61
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 68
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 74
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 97
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 119
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 125
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 222
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 232
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 165
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups; 178
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 182
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 196
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 203
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 16
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 44
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 53
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 61
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 68
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 74
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 97
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 119
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 125
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 222
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 232
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 165
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups; 178
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 182
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 196
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 203
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 16
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 44
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 53
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 61
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 68
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 74
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 97
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 113
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 119
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 125
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 222
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 232
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 159
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 165
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 171
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups; 178
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 182
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 196
- •I. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups: 203
- •1 В уроках 1 — 17, подано посилання на видання: Applied Economics. А Programm of Junior Achievements. — Colorado: Junior Achievement Inc., 1990.
- •1 Give English equivalents of the following:
- •1B уроках 18—20 подамо посилання на видання: Contemporary Economics/ Ed. By James r. Kearl-Clenvien, Illinois, Boston, London, Scott, Foresman and Co., 1989.
Answer the following questions:
What is the central task of any economy?
How is the society to deal with those who are outside of the economic system?
What is the definition of the word «poverty»?
What is a lack of mobility? When may it occur?
What is the way to change distribution in the society?
Is there any difference between cash transfers and in-kind transfers?
What can you say about the poorest recipient?
Deline the terms:
median income proportional taxation
welfare programme cash transfer
official poverty line lack of mobility
poverty network of transfers
Translate into English:
Нерівність у доходах майже така сама, якою вона була відразу після другої світової війни. 2. У Франції та Америці, виявляється, існує найбільша нерівність у розподілі прибутків порівняно з Іншими країнами. 3. Стабільність в одержанні певного відсотка сукупного прибутку кожною п'ятою частиною населення є одним із вражаючих фактів американської економіки. 4. Оподаткування пропорційне, якщо особи з більш високим прибутком сплачують у вигляді податків таку саму частку прибутків, як особи з меншими прибутками. 5. Для бідних краще одержувати допомогу грішми, ніж товарами. 6. Давайте гроші таким чином, щоб той, хто одержує, завжди мав стимул працювати.
Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
A.; Tell me please, why do we know much less about the distribution of wealth than we do about the distribution of income?
D.: We know much less about it because the data on wealth holdings are not readily available. Indeed, most of the evidence we have on wealth distribution for the U.S. economy is based on work done in the early 1960s.
A.: Subsequent calculations based on data available in 1969 provide essentially the same picture of the distribution of wealth. The top 0,5% of the population held about 23% of the wealth and the top 1% of the population about 30% of the wealth.
D.: What is the situation in the U.S. economy concerning the effects of sex discrimination?
A.: On average, working women earn only $ 0.70 for every $ 1.00 earned by working men. What accounts for this difference?
D.: Two economists studied this question using data from the mid 1970s. At that time, the differences could be accounted for in the following way. First, the work history of women differs considerably from that of men.
: Yes, it does. It's a fact of common knowledge that while most men enter the work force shortly after completing school and continue to work full time thereafter, women have more varied work experience.
£>.; The average white male has spent only six months out of the labor force, most of that time immediately after completing school; in contrast, fhe average white female takes almost a six-year break in mid-career, usually to raise children.
: All of these and other factors combined still leave women with wages $ 174 lower than men,
D.: What does this mean?
: It suggests that markets do not necessarily reward workers just on the basis of productivity and that some sort of discrimination may exist,
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