Задания для самостоятельной работы Вариант 4

1. Сопоставьте слова:

surveying direction point limit angle area construction precision example division

предел строительство пример направление съемка угол точность раздел площадь точка

2. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:

to consider, to define, to cover, to determine, to refer, surface, earth, plumb, shape, location

3. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:

плоскость, расстояние, уровень, количество/число, шоссе, шаровидный, расчет, прямой, другой, использовать

4. Переведите предложения:

1. It is plane surveying.

2. The surface of the earth is plane.

3. A level line is straight.

4. All plumb lines are parallel.

5. Angles of polygons are plane.

6. This survey covers large area.

7. There are many examples of plane surveys.

8. Geodesists determine elevations.

9. It is a division of plane surveying.

10. The shape of the earth is spheroidal.

5. Переведите текст письменно

PLANE SURVEYING

That type of surveying in which the surface of the earth is considered as a plane is defined as plane surveying. With regard to horizontal distances and directions, a level line is considered as mathematically straight, the direction of the plumb line at any point within the limits of the survey is considered as parallel to the direction of the plumb line at any other point and the angles of polygons — are considered as plane angles. The shape of the earth is taken into consi­deration only in surveys of precision covering large areas.

The great number of all surveys are of this type. For example, surveys for the location and construction of highways, railroads, canals are plane surveys.

The operation of determining elevation is usually considered as a division of plane surveying. Elevations are referred to a spheroidal surface. The procedure used in determining elevation takes into account the curvature of the earth.

6. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is the surface of the earth considered as a plane in plane surveys?

2. Is a level line plumb?

3. Are the angles of polygons straight?

4. Are there many surveys of this type?

5. Does determining elevation take into account the curvature of the earth?

Задания для самостоятельной работы Вариант 5

1. Сопоставьте слова:

surveying surveyor area perfect true work a few importance development various

идеальный, совершенный съемка работа важность истинный, правильный немного, несколько развитие топограф, съемщик различный площадь, пространство

2. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:

to take into account, to define, to employ, to extend, to obtain, to conduct, to consider, to complete, to precede, to require

3. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:

форма, геодезия, точность, шаровидный, вовлеченный (в съемку), соединенный, главным образом/в основном, геологический, шар, данные/сведения

4. Переведите предложения:

1. This is a geodetic type of surveying.

2. The shape of the earth is spheroidal.

3. We take it into account.

4. This survey is of high precision.

5. It extends over large area.

6. The required precision is obtained.

7. We assume that the earth is prefect sphere.

8. The shape of the earth is considered.

9. A few engineers are employed in this work.

10. Any project is preceded by geodetic work.