Задания для самостоятельной работы Вариант 1

1. Сопоставьте слова:

surveying angle shape precision country determination government working map underground

точность угол правительство форма разработка съемка определение подземный карта страна

2. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:

to employ, to locate, to use, to neglect, to consider, surface, earth, area, boundary, direction

3. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:

кривизна, случай, шаровидный, цель/назначение, фиксирование, простираться, проводить/вести, количество, облегчать, наличный

4. Переведите предложения:

1. For surveying we measure and locate lines and angles.

2. Angles are measured with theodolites.

3. There are many types of surveys.

4. Surveys for the location and construction of roads and canals are plane surveys.

5. Geodetic surveys employ the principles of geodesy.

6. These surveys are of high precision.

7. Surveying is made to fix the boundary lines.

8. Surveying is employed to determine the area of land.

9. Geodesists make a general survey of the situation.

10. Underground surveying is conducted in mines and tunnels.

5. Переведите текст письменно

TYPES OF SURVEYING

Surveying is employed to measure and locate lines and angles on the surface of the earth. There are two main types of surveys. Plane surveying is used when the earth's curvature is neglected. The effect of curvature is taken into account with the geodetic surveying which is used in the survey of a state or a country. That type of surveying takes into account the shape of the earth. All surveys employing the principles of geodesy are of high precision and extend over large areas. In this case the true spheroidal shape of the earth is considered. Such surveys are conducted only through the agences of governments. Surveys are made for many purposes, such as the determination of areas, the fixing of boundary lines, and the plotting of maps.

Underground surveying is based on the same principles as land surveying. Mine surveys are made to establish the direction of workings. They are also used to determine the amount of material taken from the mine and the probable amount of available mineral.

Many new instruments are employed to facilitate the surveyor's work.

6. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is surveying used to measure lines and angles on the surface of the earth?

2. Are there three main types of surveys?

3. Does geodetic survey take into account the shape of the earth?

4. Does underground surveying have different principles than land surveying?

5. Are new instruments used in geodesy?

Задания для самостоятельной работы Вариант 2

1. Сопоставьте слова:

surveying angle office work surveyor subject land training important work mapping field work

угол важная работа предмет полевая работа обучение, подготовка камеральная работа картография земля съемка топограф, съемщик

2. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:

to measure, to determine, to establish, to divide, to compute, drawing, boundaries, construction, degree, art

3. Переведите следующие слова на английский язык:

измерение, наземный объект, цель/ назначение, наблюдение/измерение, успех, получать, способствовать, понимать, учить/изучать, основывать

4. Переведите предложения:

1. There are horizontal and vertical distances.

2. Surveyors measure distances and angles.

3. In surveying geodesists determine the direction at lines.

4. Field work is very important.

5. During field work geodesists take measurement.

6. We compute and draw during office work.

7. To establish the boundaries of land is still very important.

8. All the work is based upon these measurements.

9. Students study many subjects.

10. The a surveyor must know the theory of surveying.