
- •Особливості перекладу економічних текстів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Increase your vocabulary
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •V. Answer the questions
- •VI. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Give explanations in English
- •V. Answer the questions
- •VI. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Answer the questions
- •V. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps -with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Answer the questions
- •VI. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Increase your vocabulary
- •V. Check your grammar
- •VI. Answer the questions
- •VII. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Increase your vocabulary
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the -words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Check your grammar
- •V. Explain in English
- •VI. Answer the questions
- •VII. Translate using all the active possible
- •Inflation (инфляція)
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Find in the text English equivalents/or the following
- •V. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •V. Explain in English
- •VII. Answer the questions
- •VIII. Translate into English using all the active possible
Особливості перекладу економічних текстів
Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України
Хмельницький національний університет
Кафедра перекладу
Укладач: Сєргєєва О. В., к. пед. н., доц.
Відповідальний за випуск: Крамар В. Б., к. філол. н., доц.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ТЕКСТІВ
Особливості перекладу економічних текстів: Навчально-методичний посібник. – ХНУ, 2013. - 40 сторінок.
_______________________________________________________Передмова
Даний практикум призначений для навчання економічного перекладу в рамках спеціалізації студентів-перекладачів.
Метою цього видання є формування знань умінь і навичок, необхідних для виконання перекладу з англійської мови на українську і з української мови на англійську текстів економічної тематики з урахуванням їх стилістичних особливостей та структурних, лексичних і фразеологічних труднощів перекладу.
Для студентів 5-го курсу ХНУ за спеціальністю «Філологія (переклад)», а також для студентів мовних спеціальностей інших вищих навчальних закладів.
©Кафедра перекладу
© ХНУ, 2013
CONTENTS
UNIT I. THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ) …………………………………………………………………5
UNIT II . MEASURING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY (ВИМІР ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ)………………………………………………..8
UNIT III. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS (ЕКОНОМІЧНІ СИСТЕМИ) PLANNED ECONOMICS (ПЛАНОВА ЕКОНОМІКА)……………………….12
UNIT IV. MARKET ECONOMICS (РИНКОВА ЕКОНОМІКА)…….15
UNIT V. MIXED ECONOMICS (ЗМІШАНА ЕКОНОМІКА)………..20
UNIT VI. MARKETS (РИНКИ).THE ROLE OF MARKET(РОЛЬ РИНКА)…………………………………………………………………………..22
UNIT VI. INFLATION (ИНФЛЯЦІЯ)…………………………………28
UNIT VII. THE IMPACT OF INFLATION ON BUSINESS (ВПЛИВ ІНФЛЯЦІЇ НА БІЗНЕС)…………………………………………………………31
UNIT VIII MONEY AND BANKING (ГРОШІ І БАНКІВСЬКА СПРАВА)…………………………………………………………………………34
UNIT 1.
THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The economy comprises millions of people and thousands of firms as well as the government and local authorities, all taking decisions about prices and wages, what to buy, sell, produce, export, import and many other matters. All these organizations and the decisions they take play a prominent part in shaping the business environment in which firms exist and operate.
The economy is complicated and difficult to control and predict, but it is certainly important to all businesses. You should be aware that there are times when businesses and individuals have plenty of funds to spend and there are times when they have to cut back on their spending. This can have enormous implications for business as a whole.
When the economy is enjoying a boom, firms experience high sales and general prosperity. At such times, unemployment is low and many firms will be investing funds to enable them to produce more. They do this because consumers have plenty of money to spend and firms expect high sales. It naturally follows that the state of the economy is a major factor in the success of firms.
However, during periods when people have less to spend many firms face hard times as their sales fall. Thus, the economic environment alters as the economy moves into a recession. At that time, total spending declines as in-come falls and unemployment rises. Consumers will purchase cheaper items and cut expenditure on luxury items such as televisions and cars.
Changes in the state of the economy affect all types of business, though the extent to which they are affected varies. In the recession of the early 1990s the high street banks suffered badly. Profits declined and, in some cases, losses were incurred. This was because fewer people borrowed money from banks, thus denying them the opportunity to earn interest on loans, and a rising proportion of those who did borrow defaulted on repayment. These so-called "bad debts" cut profit margins substantially. Various forecasters reckoned that the National Westminster Bank's losses in the case of Robert Maxwell's collapsing business empire amounted to over £100 million.
No individual firm has the ability to control this aspect of its environment. Rather, it is the outcome of the actions of all the groups who make up society as well as being influenced by the actions of foreigners with whom the nation has dealings.