12.21. AD"&4H,:\FH&", L4>">F4DJ`V4, JRD,0*,>4b 4 >"JR>@-4FF:,*@&"H,:\F84, @D(">42"P44 *@:0>Z B@@VDbH\ 4 "8H4&424D@&"H\ F@P4":\>@-8J:\HJD>Z, 4 ^8@>@<4R,F84, 4FF:,*@&">4b & @$:"FH4 F@@H&,HFH&J`V,6 *,<@(D"L4R,F8@6 B@:4H484 4 BD@(D"<< D"2&4H4b, &8:`R"b <,FH>J` BD"8H48J,
@F@$,>>@ & @H>@T,>44 &2"4<@F&b24 <,0*J >"D@*@>"F,:,>4,<, F>40,>4,< <"FTH"$@& >4V,HZ,
@8DJ0"`V,6 FD,*@6, FH"$4:\>Z< ^8@>@<4R,F84< D@FH@< 4 JFH@6R4&Z< D"2&4H4,<.
12.22.E@P4":\>@-8J:\HJD>Z, 4 ^8@>@<4R,F84, 4FF:,*@&">4b *@:0>Z FH"H\ @*>4< 42 8@<B@>,>H@& BD@(D"<< 4 FHD"H,(46 & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, F H,< RH@$Z DJ8@&@*4H,:4 BD@(D"<< @B4D":4F\ >" 4N D,2J:\H"HZ BD4 &Z$@D, BJH,6 4 FD,*FH&, BD42&">>ZN
@$,FB,R4H\ @N&"H BD@(D"<<>Z<4 <,D@BD4bH4b<4 >,*@FH"H@R>@ @N&"R,>>ZN (DJBB 4 J*@&:,H&@D,>4b 4N B@HD,$>@FH,6. E ^H@6 P,:\` BD@(D"<<Z *@:0>Z BD,*JF<"HD4&"H\ BD@&,*,>4, @B,D"H4&>ZN 4 @P,>@R>ZN 4FF:,*@&">46 4 *DJ(4N BD48:"*>ZN 4FF:,*@&">46 & @$:"FH4 @$V,FH&,>>ZN >"J8. G"8@(@ D@*" 4FF:,*@&">4b *@:0>Z BD,*JF<"HD4&"H\ 8"8 <@0>@ $@:,, T4D@8@, JR"FH4,. E:,*J,H D"2D"$@H"H\ <,N">42<Z F P,:\` @$,FB,R4H\ JR,H D,2J:\H"H@& 4FF:,*@&">46 & BD@P,FF, BD4>bH4b D,T,>46.
12.23.?D4,>H4D@&">>Z, >" &ZD"$@H8J B@:4H484 4FF:,*@&">4b >" >"P4@>":\>@< 4 <,0*J>"D@*>@< JD@&>, *@:0>Z @FJV,FH&:bH\Fb & @$:"FHbN, B@*&,D0,>>ZN *,<@(D"L4R,F8@<J *"&:,>4` 4 N"D"8H,D42J`V4NFb >4V,H@6, FHDJ8HJD@6 RD,2<,D>@(@ B@HD,$:,>4b, D"2DJT,>4,< ^8@F4FH,< 4 4FH@V,>4,< D,FJDF@& F J*,:,>4,< @F@$@(@ &>4<">4b &2"4<@*,6FH&4` ^H4N L"8H@D@&. E:,*J,H H"80, BD@&,FH4 4FF:,*@&">4b & @$:"FH4 D"2D"$@H84 4 F@&,DT,>FH&@&">4b <,H@*@&, 8"F"`V4NFb JFH@6R4&@(@
BD@42&@*FH&" BD@*@&@:\FH&4b 4 JFH@6R4&ZN F4FH,< D"FH,>4,&@*FH&" 4 04&@H>@&@*FH&" 8"8 & D"2&4HZN, H"8 4 & D"2&4&"`V4NFb FHD">"N.
12.24.AD"&4H,:\FH&"<, <,0BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z< @D(">42"P4b<, F@@H&,HFH&J`V4< >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z< @D(">42"P4b<, L4>">F4DJ`V4< JRD,0*,>4b< 4 >"JR>@-4FF:,*@&"H,:\F84<
@D(">42"P4b< >"FH@bH,:\>@ BD,*:"(",HFb @H*"&"H\ BD4@D4H,H 4FF:,*@&">4` F&b2,6 <,0*J D@:\` 4 FH"HJF@< 0,>V4> 4 BD@P,FF"<4 & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b. 7 R4F:J 042>,>>@ &"0>ZN @$:"FH,6, >J0*"`V4NFb & 4FF:,*@&">44, @H>@FbHFb 42<,>b`V"bFb FHDJ8HJD" F,<\4, $:"(@F@FH@b>4, F,<\4, &2"4<@F&b2\ <,0*J D"2:4R>@6 D@:\` 0,>V4> 4 <J0R4>, &8:`R"b &@BD@FZ, 8"F"`V4,Fb D"FBD,*,:,>4b $`*0,H" &D,<,>4, *@FHJB" 8 &:"FH>Z< FHDJ8HJD"< 4 BD@P,FFJ BD4>bH4b D,T,>46 4 8@>HD@:b >"* D,FJDF"<4, 4 F&b2">>Z, F ^H4< >@D<Z, 2"8@>Z, P,>>@FH4 4 J$,0*,>4b, " H"80, ^8@>@<4R,F84, 4 *,<@(D"L4R,F84, B@F:,*FH&4b >,D"&,>FH&" B@:@&. /,>V4>Z *@:0>Z JR"FH&@&"H\ >" &F,N ^H"B"N B:">4D@&">4b (,>*,D>ZN 4FF:,*@&">46, 4 F:,*J,H BD,*BD4>bH\ JF4:4b *:b >"6<" 4 B@*(@H@&84 $@:\T,(@ R4F:" 4FF:,*@&"H,:,6 42 R4F:" 0,>V4>.
12.25.E JR,H@< <,>b`V,(@Fb N"D"8H,D" 4 <"FTH"$@& BD@FHD">FH&,>>@6 <@$4:\>@FH4 >"F,:,>4b FD@R>@ >,@$N@*4<@ BD@&,FH4 4FF:,*@&">4b, D,2J:\H"HZ 8@H@DZN B@<@(JH :JRT, B@>bH\ BD4R4>Z 4 B@F:,*FH&4b 8"8 &>JHD,>>,6, H"8 4 <,0*J>"D@*>@6 <4(D"P44 4 <@$4:\>@FH4. % P,:bN F@2*">4b
BD@R>@6 @F>@&Z *:b BD@&,*,>4b H"84N 4FF:,*@&">46 >,@$N@*4<@ BD,*BD4>bH\ @F@$Z, JF4:4b B@ @$,FB,R,>4` $@:,, 8"R,FH&,>>@6, "8HJ":\>@6 4 *@FHJB>@6 4>L@D<"P44 @ <"FTH"$"N 4 H,>*,>P4bN &>JHD,>>,6 4 <,0*J>"D@*>@6 <4(D"P44 4 B@:4H48, & ^H@6 @$:"FH4.
12.26.E JR,H@< F@ND">b`V4NFb FJV,FH&,>>ZN D"2:4R46 & JD@&>bN F<,DH>@FH4 4 2"$@:,&",<@FH4 <,0*J B@*(DJBB"<4 >"F,:,>4b &>JHD4 FHD"> 8D"6>, >,@$N@*4<@ "8H4&424D@&"H\ JF4:4b B@ 42JR,>4` L"8H@D@&, @$JF:@&:4&"`V4N H"84, D"2:4R4b, F H,< RH@$Z D"2D"$@H"H\ $@:,, ^LL,8H4&>Z, <,DZ 4 BD@(D"<<Z B@ 4N F@8D"V,>4`. ?F@$@, 2>"R,>4, 4<,`H BD4R4>Z, &Z2Z&"`V4, D"2:4R4b & JD@&>bN F<,DH>@FH4 4 2"$@:,&",<@FH4, @F@$,>>@ & <@:@*@< 4 B@04:@< &@2D"FH,, &8:`R"b D"2:4R4b <,0*J <J0R4>"<4 4 0,>V4>"<4. A@&ZT,>>@, &>4<">4, BD4 @BD,*,:,>44 D"2:4R46 & JD@&>bN F<,DH>@FH4 B@ D,(4@>"< 4:4 F@P4":\>@-^8@>@<4R,F84< 4 ^H>4R,F84< (DJBB"< *@:0>@ H"80, J*,:bH\Fb @H>@F4H,:\>@6 &"0>@FH4 T4D@8@(@ FB,8HD" F@P4":\>@-^8@>@<4R,F84N 4 ^8@:@(4R,F84N L"8H@D@&.
GD,$J`H *":\>,6T,(@ 42JR,>4b H"80, BD4R4>Z 4 H,>*,>P44 <"H,D4>F8@6, B,D4>"H":\>@6 4
<:"*,>R,F8@6 F<,DH>@FH4 4 2"$@:,&",<@FH4.
- 85 -
- 86 -
':"&" XIII*
)+aG+9[=?EG[ =! =!O3?=!9[=?; IC?%=+
A. ="P4@>":\>Z, FHD"H,(44 4 B:">Z *,6FH&46
?F>@&" *:b *,bH,:\>@FH4
13.1.1" 4FH,8T4, >,F8@:\8@ *,FbH4:,H46 &@ &F,< <4D, $Z: >"8@B:,> 2>"R4H,:\>Z6 @BZH & @$:"FH4 D"2D"$@H84 4 @FJV,FH&:,>4b BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN FHD"H,(46 4 BD@(D"<<, >"BD"&:,>>ZN >" D,T,>4, *,<@(D"L4R,F84N BD@$:,<, BD,*@FH"&:,>4, >"F,:,>4` $@:,, T4D@84N &@2<@0>@FH,6 &Z$@D" 4 F@*,6FH&4, &F,FH@D@>>,<J F@P4":\>@<J BD@(D,FFJ. 7"8 4 & F:JR", F *DJ(4<4 BD@(D"<<"<4 F@P4":\>@(@ D"2&4H4b, @BZH H"80, B@8"2":, RH@ & H,N F:JR"bN, 8@(*" DJ8@&@*FH&@ BD4*",H $@:\T@, 2>"R,>4, ^8@>@<4R,F8@<J D@FHJ, D"2&4H4` :`*F84N D,FJDF@&, @$,FB,R,>4` D"&,>FH&" 4 D"&>@BD"&4b B@:@& 4 J*@&:,H&@D,>4` B@HD,$>@FH,6 >"F,:,>4b & @$:"FH4 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b 4, & R"FH>@FH4, & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, &8:`R"b B:">4D@&">4, F,<\4 4 F,8FJ":\>@, 2*@D@&\,, FHD">"<
J*",HFb <@$4:42@&"H\ FH"$4:\>J` B@**,D08J BD@(D"<< 4 BD@,8H@& & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b >" &F,N JD@&>bN, b&:b`VJ`Fb 2":@(@< 4N JFB,T>@(@ @FJV,FH&:,>4b.
13.2.M@Hb B@*@$>@<J JFB,T>@<J @FJV,FH&:,>4` <@(JH F@*,6FH&@&"H\ B@24H4&>Z, 42<,>,>4b &
@$V,< F@P4":\>@-^8@>@<4R,F8@< 8@>H,8FH,, " H"80, *DJ(4, JFB,T>Z, JF4:4b & @$:"FH4 D"2&4H4b,
<,0*J @$:"FHb<4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b FJV,FH&J,H &>JHD,>>, BD4FJV"b 4< &2"4<@F&b2\, 4
BD@(D,FF & D"<8"N :`$@(@ 8@<B@>,>H" <@0,H FH4<J:4D@&"H\ J:JRT,>4, & D"<8"N *DJ(4N 8@<B@>,>H@&. ;>@(@(D">>@FH\ BD@$:,<Z >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b F&b2">" F <>@(@(D">>@FH\` BD@$:,<Z D"2&4H4b. %F, T4D, BD42>",HFb H@H L"8H, RH@ >,@$N@*4<Z< JF:@&4,< ^LL,8H4&>@FH4 F&b2">>ZN F >"D@*@>"F,:,>4,< FHD"H,(46, B:">@&, BD@(D"<< 4 BD@,8H@& b&:b,HFb &F,<,D>@, JR"FH4, H,N, >" 8@(@ @>4 D"FFR4H">Z, & 4N D"2D"$@H8, 4 B@F:,*J`V,6 D,":42"P44.
13.3. C@:\ >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46 8"8 B"DH>,D@& & *,:, D,":42"P44 >"P4@>":\>ZN FHD"H,(46 4 BD@(D"<< &F, $@:,, T4D@8@ BD42>",HFb, D"&>@ 8"8 4 &"0>"b D@:\ R"FH>@(@ F,8H@D".
Q:,>Z >"P4@>":\>ZN 2"8@>@*"H,:\>ZN @D(">@& <@(JH FZ(D"H\ &"0>J` D@:\, @F@$,>>@ & H@<, RH@
8"F",HFb BD4>bH4b >"*:,0"V4N >"P4@>":\>ZN 2"8@>@& & P,:bN @FJV,FH&:,>4b >"FH@bV,6 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, D"FBD,*,:,>4b F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N L4>">F@&ZN D,FJDF@&, @$,FB,R,>4b @HR,H>@FH4 & @H>@T,>44 D"FN@*@& 4 D"FT4D,>4b @F&,*@<:,>>@FH4 @$V,FH&,>>@FH4 @ BD@$:,<"N >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b.
O,:4
13.4.O,:4 2"8:`R"`HFb & H@<, RH@$Z:
") F*,:"H\ "8HJ":\>Z, &@BD@FZ >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b F@FH"&>@6 R"FH\` &F,N F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N >"P4@>":\>ZN FHD"H,(46, B:">@&, B@:4H484 4 BD@(D"<< D"2&4H4b;
b) FH4<J:4D@&"H\ "8H4&>@, JR"FH4, 42$D">>ZN BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 >"D@*", & R"FH>@FH4 B"D:"<,>H"D4,&, 2"4>H,D,F@&">>ZN (DJBB, @F@$,>>@ >" >42@&@< JD@&>,, 4 @H*,:\>ZN :4P, & D"2D"$@H8, FHD"H,(46, B:">@&, B@:4H484 4 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b.
),bH,:\>@FH\
* E&bH,6T46 AD,FH@: &ZF8"2": @$VJ` @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 >"FH@bV,6 (:"&Z. ]HJ @(@&@D8J F:,*J,H H@:8@&"H\ & 8@>H,8FH, 2"b&:,>4b, F*,:">>@(@ BD,*FH"&4H,:,< E&bH,6T,(@ AD,FH@:" >" 14-< B:,>"D>@< 2"F,*">44 13 F,>Hb$Db 1994 (@*".
- 87 -
13.5. AD4 "8H4&>@< JR"FH44 B"D:"<,>H"D4,&, <,FH>ZN &Z$@D>ZN @D(">@&, @$V4>, R"FH>@(@ F,8H@D", >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46 4 0,>F84N (DJBB BD"&4H,:\FH&"< F:,*J,H BD@&@*4H\
D"$@HJ & P,:bN D"FT4D,>4b @F&,*@<:,>>@FH4 @ BD@$:,<"N >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b 4 D"2D"$@H84, @FJV,FH&:,>4b 4 @P,>84 >"P4@>":\>ZN FHD"H,(46, B@:4H484, B:">@&, BD@(D"<< 4 BD@,8H@&, >"BD"&:,>>ZN >" D,T,>4, BD@$:,< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, &8:`R"b <4(D"P4`, & 8"R,FH&, F@FH"&>@6 R"FH4 4N BD@P,FF" B:">4D@&">4b 4 @FJV,FH&:,>4b <,D@BD4bH46 & D"<8"N D"2&4H4b F,8H@D@&, <,0F,8H@D":\>@(@ 4 @$V,(@ D"2&4H4b. 3< F:,*J,H H"80, @8"2Z&"H\
F@*,6FH&4, 4 BD4>4<"H\ <,DZ B@ @$,FB,R,>4` >":4R4b "*,8&"H>ZN :`*F84N D,FJDF@& 4 JRD,0*,>46 *:b 8@@D*4>"P44 4 @FJV,FH&:,>4b <,D@BD4bH46 B@ B:">4D@&">4`, D,":42"P44, 8@>HD@:` 4 @P,>8, & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b.
13.6. AD"&4H,:\FH&"< 4 B"D:"<,>H"D4b<, & F@HDJ*>4R,FH&, F <,0*J>"D@*>Z< F@@$V,FH&@< 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4, F:,*J,H D"2D"$"HZ&"H\ >,@$N@*4<Z, B:">Z & F@@H&,HFH&44 F
>"P4@>":\>Z<4 B@HD,$>@FHb<4 4 BD4@D4H,H"<4 4 BD4>4<"H\ F@@H&,HFH&J`V4, <,DZ & P,:bN @BD,*,:,>4b, JFH">@&:,>4b B@8"2"H,:,6, 8@>HD@:b 4 @P,>84 BD@(D,FF" & *,:, *@FH40,>4b P,:,6 >"FH@bV,6 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46. % ^H@6 F&b24 F:,*J,H B@@VDbH\ "8H4&>@, JR"FH4, R"FH>@(@ F,8H@D" 4 BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 >"JR>ZN 8DJ(@&.
B. IBD"&:,>4, BD@(D"<<"<4 4 D"2&4H4, :`*F84N D,FJDF@&
?F>@&" *:b *,bH,:\>@FH4
13.7. ':"&>@6 2"*"R,6 b&:b,HFb F@2*">4, F@@H&,HFH&J`V,(@ B@H,>P4":", 8@H@DZ6 B@2&@:4: $Z
FHD">"< F"<@FH@bH,:\>@ BD4>4<"H\ F@(:"F@&">>Z, >"P4@>":\>Z, <,DZ *:b F@*,6FH&4b JFH@6R4&@<J ^8@>@<4R,F8@<J D@FHJ, *":\>,6T,<J JFH@6R4&@<J >"P4@>":\>@<J D"2&4H4` 4 B@&ZT,>4` 8"R,FH&" 042>4 &F,N (D"0*">. ):b ^H@(@ >,@$N@*4<@ @$,FB,R4&"H\ >":4R4,, FH4<J:4D@&">4, 4 JR"FH4, *@:0>Z< @$D"2@< B@*(@H@&:,>>@(@ B,DF@>":", D"$@H"`V,(@ & D"<8"N ^LL,8H4&>@ LJ>8P4@>4DJ`V4N @D(">42"P4@>>ZN <,N">42<@&, " H"80, F@@H&,HFH&J`V,, JR"FH4, R"FH>@(@ F,8H@D" 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46. ?HFJHFH&4, J B,DF@>":" "*,8&"H>ZN >"&Z8@& JBD"&:,>4b,
@F@$,>>@ & >"4<,>,, D"2&4HZN FHD">"N, FJV,FH&,>>@ @(D">4R4&",H &@2<@0>@FH4 FHD"H,(4R,F8@(@ B:">4D@&">4b, F>40",H ^LL,8H4&>@FH\ @FJV,FH&:,>4b BD@(D"<< 4 8"R,FH&@ JF:J( 4, H"84< @$D"2@<, *,:",H ^H4 BD@(D"<<Z <,>,, B@:,2>Z<4 *:b 4N $,>,L4P4"D@&. ="<,H4&T"bFb &
B@F:,*>,, &D,<b H,>*,>P4b *,P,>HD":42"P44 B@:>@<@R46 & D"<8"N >"P4@>":\>ZN BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, @F@$,>>@ BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN BD@(D"<<, @$JF:@&:4&",H
2>"R4H,:\>@, B@&ZT,>4, FBD@F" >" 8&":4L4P4D@&">>ZN F@HDJ*>48@& & F&b24 F B@b&:,>4,< >@&ZN 4:4 D"FT4D,>4,< &ZB@:>b&T4NFb D">,, LJ>8P46 >" >40>4N JD@&>bN F4FH,<Z "*<4>4FHD"H4&>@(@ JBD"&:,>4b. ]H" H,>*,>P4b H"80, &:,R,H 2" F@$@6 42<,>,>4, BD@L,FF4@>":\>@(@ F@FH"&"
FB,P4":4FH@& >" JD@&>, P,>HD":\>ZN JRD,0*,>46, B@F8@:\8J & >"FH@bV,, &D,<b ">":42J B@:4H484,
@P,>8, 4 FHD"H,(4R,F8@<J B:">4D@&">4` @H&@*4HFb $@:,, &"0>@, <,FH@, R,< & BD@T:@<.
O,:4
13.8.O,:4 2"8:`R"`HFb & H@<, RH@$Z:
") J&,:4R4H\ >"P4@>":\>Z6 B@H,>P4": 4 ^LL,8H4&>@FH\ 2"HD"H, B@&ZF4H\ 8"R,FH&@ 4 @H*"RJ FHD"H,(46, B:">@&, B@:4H484 4 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b 4 & H@ 0, &D,<b @$,FB,R4H\ &@2<@0>@FH\ 8@>HD@:b 2" 4N D,":42"P4,6 F@ FH@D@>Z &F,N :4P, & 4>H,D,F"N 8@H@DZN @>4 @FJV,FH&:b`HFb, @F@$,>>@ BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 >"4$@:,, Jb2&4<ZN 4 >,*@FH"H@R>@ @$,FB,R,>>ZN F:@,& @$V,FH&", & H@< R4F:, F,:\F84N 04H,:,6 4 B@*D@FH8@&;
b) F@*,6FH&@&"H\ *,bH,:\>@FH4 B@ F$@DJ 4 ">":42J *">>ZN 4 4>L@D<"P44 4 @$,FB,R4&"H\
>,BD,DZ&>Z6 @$<,> 4<4 <,0*J JR"FH>48"<4 >"P4@>":\>ZN BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4
- 88 -
D"2&4H4b & |
P,:bN F@&,DT,>FH&@&">4b BD@P,FF" D"2D"$@H84 FHD"H,(46, B@:4H484, B:">@& 4 BD@(D"<< |
4 8@>HD@:b |
4 @P,>84 4N @FJV,FH&:,>4b 4 ^LL,8H4&>@FH4; |
F) B@&ZF4H\ 8&":4L48"P4` 4 FH,B,>\ @H&,HFH&,>>@FH\ DJ8@&@*4H,:,6 4 *DJ(4N :4P,
JR"FH&J`V4N & *,bH,:\>@FH4 B@ @FJV,FH&:,>4`, 8@>HD@:` 4 @P,>8, >"P4@>":\>ZN FHD"H,(46,
B:">@&, B@:4H484 4 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b;
d) @$,FB,R4H\ & D"<8"N BD@(D"<< BD@L,FF4@>":\>@6 B@*(@H@&84 JR,H 4>H,D,F@& B@HD,$4H,:,6 4 &@BD@F@& 0,>F8@6 BD@$:,<"H484 4 @$,FB,R4H\ >":4R4,, 2"4>H,D,F@&">>@FH\ 4 F@ND">,>4, *@:0>Z< @$D"2@< B@*(@H@&:,>>@(@ B,DF@>":", &8:`R"b 0,>V4>, & P,:bN D"2D"$@H84,
@FJV,FH&:,>4b, 8@>HD@:b 4 @P,>84 >"P4@>":\>ZN FHD"H,(46, B@:4H484, B:">@& 4 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b.
),bH,:\>@FH\
13.9.EHD">"< F:,*J,H:
") D"2D"$"HZ&"H\ 4 @FJV,FH&:bH\ BD@(D"<<Z D"2&4H4b :`*F84N D,FJDF@& H"84< @$D"2@<,
RH@$Z @>4 $Z:4 >,B@FD,*FH&,>>@ >"BD"&:,>Z >" J*@&:,H&@D,>4, B@HD,$>@FH,6 & 8@>H,8FH, FHD"H,(46, B@:4H484, B:">@& 4 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, F J*,:,>4,< @F@$@(@ &>4<">4b >"R":\>@<J @$D"2@&">4`, BD@L,FF4@>":\>@6 B@*(@H@&8, 4 2">bH@FH4 0,>V4> >" &F,N JD@&>bN, @F@$,>>@ >" JD@&>, BD4>bH4b D,T,>46 4 JBD"&:,>R,F8@< JD@&>,, " H"80, JR,HJ &@
&F,N BD@(D"<<"N BD@L,FF4@>":\>@6 B@*(@H@&84 4>H,D,F@& B@:\2@&"H,:,6 4 B,DFB,8H4& & *,:, D,T,>4b BD@$:,<, F&b2">>ZN F J:JRT,>4,< B@:@0,>4b 0,>V4>;
b) @$,FB,R4H\ & <"FTH"$"N &F,6 FHD">Z ^LL,8H4&>@, 4FB@:\2@&">4, BD@L,FF4@>":\>@ B@*(@H@&:,>>ZN FB,P4":4FH@& DJ8@&@*bV,(@ 2&,>", @H&,R"`V4N 2" D,":42"P4` FHD"H,(46,
B@:4H484, B:">@& 4 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b;
F) @$,FB,R4&"H\ B@FH@b>>@, F@&,DT,>FH&@&">4, JBD"&:,>R,F84N >"&Z8@& F@HDJ*>48@&,
@H&,HFH&,>>ZN 2" @8"2">4, F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N JF:J(, & P,:bN B@&ZT,>4b ^LL,8H4&>@FH4,
*,6FH&,>>@FH4 4 @H*"R4 F,8H@D" F@P4":\>ZN JF:J(;
d)D"P4@>":424D@&"H\ F4FH,<J &@2>"(D"0*,>4b 2" HDJ* 4 F&b2">>J` F >,6 *,bH,:\>@FH\,
FD@84 4 JF:@&4b F:J0$Z, F H,< RH@$Z @$,FB,R4H\ D"&>J` @B:"HJ 2" D"&>Z6 HDJ* 0,>V4> 4
<J0R4> 4 >":4R4, 4 BD@*&40,>4, B@ F:J0$, F@HDJ*>48@& JBD"&:,>R,F8@(@ "BB"D"H" 4 H,N>4R,F84N F@HDJ*>48@&, JR"FH&J`V4N & D,":42"P44 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, 4,
H"84< @$D"2@<, B@&ZF4H\ 8"R,FH&@ 4FB@:>,>4b ^H4N BD@(D"<< >" >"P4@>":\>@< JD@&>,;
,) F@2*"&"H\ >@&Z, <,N">42<Z *:b F@*,6FH&4b @$<,>J @BZH@< & *,:, JBD"&:,>4b BD@(D"<<"<4 & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b 8"8 & F"<4N FHD">"N, H"8 4 <,0*J FHD">"<4 >" FJ$D,(4@>":\>@<, D,(4@>":\>@<, <,0D,(4@>":\>@< 4 <,0*J>"D@*>@< JD@&>bN & P,:bN B@*(@H@&84 F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N >"P4@>":\>ZN 8"*D@&;
f)D"2D"$"HZ&"H\ 4 &,FH4 $"2Z *">>ZN @ >"P4@>":\>ZN ^8FB,DH"N 4 JRD,0*,>4bN,
b&:b`V4NFb >@F4H,:b<4 B,D,*@&@(@ @BZH", F H,< RH@$Z FB@F@$FH&@&"H\ 4FB@:\2@&">4` >"P4@>":\>ZN 8"*D@&, J*,:bb @F@$@, &>4<">4, &8:`R,>4` & ^H4 $"2Z *">>ZN 4>L@D<"P44 @ 0,>V4>"N 4 <@:@*,04;
g) @$,FB,R4H\ ^LL,8H4&>J` F&b2\ F B@:JR"H,:b<4 BD@(D"<<, D"&>@ 8"8 4 4N JR"FH4,, >" &F,N JD@&>bN & @F@$,>>@FH4 >" F,:\F8@< JD@&>,, F H,< RH@$Z @$,FB,R4H\ $@:,, 8"R,FH&,>>@, @$V,, JBD"&:,>4, BD@(D"<<"<4.
- 89 -
13.10. AD"&4H,:\FH&"< F:,*J,H J*,:bH\ @F@$@, &>4<">4, D"2D"$@H8, 4 &>,*D,>4` @D4,>H4D@&">>ZN
>" 8@>8D,H>ZN B@:\2@&"H,:,6 F4FH,< JBD"&:,>R,F8@6 4>L@D<"P44 & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b 4 @F@$,>>@ & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, &8:`R"b BD@(D"<<Z & @$:"FH4 B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4 4 @ND">Z F,8FJ":\>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, 8@H@DZ, @N&"HZ&":4 $Z 8"8 BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z,, H"8 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z, <,D@BD4bH4b 4 F@*,D0":4 D,(J:bD>@ @$>@&:b,<Z, *">>Z, @ B@:JR"H,:bN, D"FN@*"N, 4>LD"FHDJ8HJD,, *@FHJB>@FH4 JF:J(, D,2J:\H"H"N 4 8"R,FH&, JF:J(.
C. ;@$4:42"P4b 4 D"FBD,*,:,>4, D,FJDF@&
?c>@&" *:b *,bH,:\>@FH4
13.11. =" >"P4@>":\>@< JD@&>, D,FJDFZ, &Z*,:b,<Z, >" P,:4 JFH@6R4&@(@ D"2&4H4b R,:@&,R,F8@6 :4R>@FH4, & $@:\T4>FH&, F:JR",& D"FBD,*,:b`HFb <,0*J D"2:4R>Z<4 8"H,(@D4b<4 F,8H@D@&. G@,
8"84< @$D"2@< FHD">Z <@(JH >"4$@:,, &Z(@*>Z< @$D"2@< D"FBD,*,:4H\ D,FJDFZ <,0*J D"2:4R>Z<4 F,8H@D"<4, & 2>"R4H,:\>@6 <,D, 2"&4F4H @H F@P4":\>ZN, ^8@>@<4R,F84N, 8J:\HJD>ZN 4 B@:4H4R,F84N D,":\>@FH,6 8"0*@6 FHD">Z, " H"80, @H ,, BD4@D4H,H@& & B@:4H48, 4 BD@(D"<<"N.
7"8 BD"&4:@, F$":">F4D@&">>@, D"FBD,*,:,>4, D,FJDF@& @8"2Z&",H B@:@04H,:\>@, &@2*,6FH&4, >" BD@(D"<<Z F H@R84 2D,>4b 4N 8"R,FH&" 4 JFB,N". % R"FH>@FH4, BD@(D"<<Z, 8"F"`V4,Fb >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b, 4(D"`H &"0>J` D@:\ & @$:,(R,>44, JF8@D,>44 BD@(D,FF" 4 F@2*">44 JF:@&46 *:b ,(@ *@FH40,>4b & *,:, @FJV,FH&:,>4b BD@(D"<< JFH@6R4&@(@ D"2&4H4b R,:@&,R,F8@6 :4R>@FH4,
BD,0*, &F,(@ & D,2J:\H"H, H@(@, RH@ @>4 FB@F@$FH&J`H D"FT4D,>4` &@2<@0>@FH,6 0,>V4>,
B@2&@:b`H J:JRT4H\ 2*@D@&\, >"c,:,>4b (@F@$,>>@ 0,>V4> 4 *,H,6, BD,0*, &F,(@ & F,:\F84N D"6@>"N), 2"<,*:b`H H,<BZ D@FH" FBD@F" >" F@P4":\>Z, JF:J(4, @$,FB,R4&"`H JR"FH4, @$V4> 4 B@*R,D84&"`H *@:(@FD@R>@, 2>"R,>4, 4>&,FH4P46 & F@P4":\>Z6 F,8H@D.
13.12. %>JHD,>>4, D,FJDFZ F@FH"&:b`H F"<J` $@:\TJ` R"FH\ FD,*FH&, &Z*,:b,<ZN >" *@FH40,>4, P,:,6 & @$:"FH4 D"2&4H4b. G"84< @$D"2@<, <@$4:42"P4b &>JHD,>>4N D,FJDF@& b&:b,HFb @*>@6 42 BD4@D4H,H>ZN @$:"FH,6, >" 8@H@DZN F:,*J,H F@FD,*@H@R4H\ &>4<">4, & P,:bN @$,FB,R,>4b F&@,&D,<,>>@(@ @FJV,FH&:,>4b *,6FH&46, RH@ b&:b,HFb >,@$N@*4<Z< JF:@&4,< *@FH40,>4b P,:,6 >"FH@bV,6 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46. 7"8 (@FJ*"DFH&,>>Z6, H"8 4 R"FH>Z6 F,8H@D 4<,`H B@H,>P4":\>Z, &@2<@0>@FH4 FB@F@$FH&@&"H\ BD4&:,R,>4` HD,$J,<ZN D,FJDF@&. ):b <>@(4N FHD">,
FHD,<bV4NFb 8 D,":42"P44 *@B@:>4H,:\>ZN P,:,6 4 2"*"R AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, @F@$,>>@ *:b >"4<,>,, D"2&4HZN FHD"> 4 *DJ(4N $,*>,6T4N FHD">, 8@H@DZ, B,D,04&"`H $@:,2>,>>Z6 BD@P,FF FHDJ8HJD>@6 B,D,FHD@684, B@-BD,0>,<J N"D"8H,D>Z H,>*,>P44, F&4*,H,:\FH&J`V4, @$ ^8@>@<4R,F8@< FB"*,. 3N JF4:4b B@ <@$4:42"P44 &>JHD,>>4N D,FJDF@&, >"BD"&:,>>Z, >" D"FT4D,>4, 4 F@&,DT,>FH&@&">4, F&@4N BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b,
>,@$N@*4<@ $J*,H *@B@:>4H\ &Z*,:,>4,< <,0*J>"D@*>Z< F@@$V,FH&@< (@D"2*@ $@:\T,(@ @$X,<" L4>">F@&ZN 4 H,N>4R,F84N D,FJDF@&, 8"8 ^H@ J8"2">@ & (:"&, XIV. AD4 <@$4:42"P44 >@&ZN 4 *@B@:>4H,:\>ZN &>JHD,>>4N D,FJDF@& 4 D,FJDF@&, BD,*@FH"&:b,<ZN *@>@D"<4, @F@$@, &>4<">4,
>,@$N@*4<@ J*,:bH\ "*,8&"H>Z< <,D"< B@ J*@&:,H&@D,>4` @F>@&>ZN B@HD,$>@FH,6 >"4$@:,, Jb2&4<ZN (DJBB >"F,:,>4b, @F@$,>>@ & F,:\F84N D"6@>"N, 4 B@ @$,FB,R,>4` 4N *@FHJB" 8 F@P4":\>Z< JF:J("<.
13.13. IR4HZ&"b >Z>,T>4, $@:\T4, B@HD,$>@cH4 & JF:J("N & @$:"FH4 @ND">Z D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, &8:`R"b B:">4D@&">4, F,<\4, 8@H@DZ, >, J*@&:,H&@Db`HFb, 4 @04*",<Z6 D@FH R4F:,>>@FH4 0,>V4> 4 <J0R4> D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ &@2D"FH", <@0>@ BD,*B@:@04H\, RH@ >" BD@Hb0,>44 F:,*J`V4N *&JN *,FbH4:,H46 $J*,H B@-BD,0>,<J @H<,R"H\Fb @R,>\ $ZFHDZ6 D@FH FBD@F" >" JF:J(4. ]H@H FBD@F $J*,H JF8@D,> B@&ZT,>4,< 4>H,D,F" 8 @HFD@R8, *,H@D@0*,>4b, $@:,,
^LL,8H4&>@<J D,(J:4D@&">4` 4>H,D&":@& <,0*J D@0*,>4b<4 4 F8@D,6T,<J *@FH40,>4` 0,:",<@(@ D"2<,D" F,<\4, " H"80, D"FT4D,>4,< *@FHJB" 8 JF:J("<. % ^H@6 F&b24 >,@$N@*4<@ "8H4&424D@&"H\ JF4:4b, >"BD"&:,>>Z, >" BD4&:,R,>4, 4 &Z*,:,>4, $@:,, 2>"R4H,:\>ZN @$X,<@& &>JHD,>>4N D,FJDF@&, " H"80, >" @$,FB,R,>4, 4N ^LL,8H4&>@(@ 4FB@:\2@&">4b & P,:bN B@**,D084 BD@(D"<<
- 90 -
@8"2">4b JF:J( 4 F&b2">>ZN F ^H4< <,D@BD4bH46 & @$:"FH4 4>L@D<"P44, BD@F&,V,>4b 4
8@<<J>48"P44.
13.14.?F>@&>Z, JF:J(4 & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, &8:`R"b B:">4D@&">4, F,<\4,
F&b2">>Z, F @8"2">4,< B@**,D084 & @H>@T,>44 >,@$N@*4<@6 BD@L,FF4@>":\>@6 B@*(@H@&84,
B@FH"&@8, 4>LD"FHDJ8HJDZ 4 F4FH,< JBD"&:,>4b, @F@$,>>@ >" JD@&>, B,D&4R>@(@ <,*48@-
F">4H"D>@(@ @$F:J04&">4b, &8:`R":4 $Z F:,*J`V4, @F>@&>Z, 8@<B@>,>HZ, 8@H@DZ, F:,*J,H
4>H,(D4D@&"H\ & $"2@&Z, >"P4@>":\>Z, BD@(D"<<Z & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@
2*@D@&\b:
") & 8@<B@>,>H JF:J( & @$:"FH4 B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4 - BD@H4&@2"R"H@R>Z, FD,*FH&" 4 @8"2">4, JF:J(; J8D,B:,>4, B@H,>P4":" & B:">, 4>L@D<"P44, BD@F&,V,>4b 4 8@<<J>48"P44 & @H>@T,>44 &@BD@F@& B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4 4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b; J8D,B:,>4, >"P4@>":\>@(@ B@H,>P4":" B@FD,*FH&@< F@*,6FH&4b B@*(@H@&8, 8"*D@&; D"2&4H4, 4>LD"FHDJ8HJDZ 4 F@&,DT,>FH&@&">4, <"H,D4":\>@6 $"2Z; D"2D"$@H8" B@:4H484 4 @P,>8" BD@(D"<<; JBD"&:,>R,F84, 4>L@D<"P4@>>Z, F4FH,<Z; FH"H4FH48" @F>@&>ZN JF:J(; 4 F@FD,*@H@R,>4, JF4:46 >" @$,FB,R,>44 &ZF@8@8"R,FH&,>>@(@ @$F:J04&">4b;
b)& $"2@&Z6 8@<B@>,>H JF:J( & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b - 4>L@D<"P4b 4
@$ZR>Z, JF:J(4 & @H>@T,>44 *@D@*@&@(@ JN@*", >@D<":\>ZN 4 $,2@B"F>ZN D@*@& 4 B@F:,D@*@&@(@ JN@*"; "$@DHZ (@ 8@H@DZN 4*,H D,R\ & BJ>8H, 8.25); 4>L@D<"P4b, BD@F&,V,>4, 4 8@<<J>48"P4b & @H>@T,>44 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, &8:`R"b 2"$@:,&">4b, B,D,*"&",<Z, B@:@&Z< BJH,<,
F,8FJ":\>@FH\ R,:@&,8" 4 @H&,HFH&,>>@, @H>@T,>4, 8 D@*4H,:\F84< @$b2">>@FHb<, 4 BD@H4& &D,*>@6 BD"8H484; @8"2">4, "*,8&"H>ZN 8@>FJ:\H"H4&>ZN JF:J(; *4"(>@FH4D@&">4, 4 :,R,>4, 2"$@:,&">46,
B,D,*"&",<ZN B@:@&Z< BJH,<, 4 *DJ(4N 4>L,8P46 B@:@&ZN BJH,6, BD4 &@2<@0>@FH4;
BD,*JBD,0*,>4, $,FB:@*4b 4 >"*:,0"V,, :,R,>4,, B@ &@2<@0>@FH4; >"BD"&:,>4, 8 &D"R"<-
FB,P4":4FH"<, BD@F&,V,>4, 4 @8"2">4, 8@>FJ:\H"H4&>ZN JF:J( B@ &@BD@F"< 2"$@:,&">46,
B,D,*"&",<ZN B@:@&Z< BJH,<, &8:`R"b %3Q/EA3), " H"80, & F&b24 F $,D,<,>>@FH\` 4 @F:@0>,>4b<4 BD4 D@*"N;
F) & 8@<B@>,>H BD@(D"<<Z BD@L4:"8H484 2"$@:,&">46, B,D,*"&",<ZN B@:@&Z< BJH,< 2"$@:,&">46/%3Q/EA3) -
BD@(D"<<Z BD@F&,V,>4b F 4FB@:\2@&">4,< FD,*FH& <"FF@&@6 4>L@D<"P44 4 & T8@:"N BD@B"(">*" *@$D@&@:\>@(@ &@2*,D0">4b 4 @H&,HFH&,>>@(@ B@:@&@(@ B@&,*,>4b 4 D"FT4D,>4, 8"<B">44 B@ D"FBD@FHD">,>4` BD,2,D&"H4&@&;
d) & $"2@&Z6 8@<B@>,>H >"JR>ZN 4FF:,*@&">46, ">":42" *">>ZN 4 B@:4H484 & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b - J8D,B:,>4, >"P4@>":\>@(@ B@H,>P4":" B@FD,*FH&@< @8"2">4b B@**,D084 *,bH,:\>@FH4 B@ F$@DJ 4 ">":42J *,<@(D"L4R,F84N *">>ZN, " H"80, *">>ZN,
8"F"`V4NFb BD@(D"<<, BD@&,*,>4` >"JR>ZN 4FF:,*@&">46, D"2D"$@H8, B@:4H484 4 BD@L,FF4@>":\>@6 B@*(@H@&8,.
13.15. E@(:"F>@ @P,>8"<, & D"2&4&"`V4NFb FHD">"N 4 FHD">"N, @FJV,FH&:b`V4N B,D,N@* 8 DZ>8J, D"FN@*Z, F&b2">>Z, F D,":42"P4,6 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, &8:`R"b BD@(D"<<Z, F&b2">>Z, F B:">4D@&">4,< F,<\4, @ND">Z 2*@D@&\b <"H,D4 4 BD@L4:"8H484 2"$@:,&">46, B,D,*"&",<ZN B@:@&Z< BJH,<, " H"80, *DJ(4N @F>@&>ZN <,D@BD4bH46 B@ F$@DJ 4 ">":42J *,<@(D"L4R,F84N *">>ZN F@FH"&bH: 17,0 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2000 (@*J, 18,5 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2005 (@*J, 20,5 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2010 (@*J 4 21,7 <:D*. *@::. ES! &
2015 (@*J; D,R\ 4*,H @$ @P,>@R>@6 FH@4<@FH4 R,HZD,N &ZT,JB@<b>JHZN 8@<B@>,>H@&,
@BD,*,:,>>@6 ^8FB,DH"<4 >" @F>@&, 4<,`V,6Fb >" *">>Z6 <@<,>H 4>L@D<"P44. ]H4 @P,>84 B@*:,0"H B,D,F<@HDJ 4 @$>@&:,>4` >" @F>@&, &F,FH@D@>>,(@ B@*N@*", @HD"0,>>@(@ & BJ>8H, 13.14
>"FH@bV,6 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, @F@$,>>@ & B:">, D"FN@*@& >" @$,FB,R,>4, BD,*@FH"&:,>4b JF:J( & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b. 32 ^H4N FJ<< BD4<,D>@ 65 BD@P,>H@& BD4N@*4HFb >" D"FN@*Z,
F&b2">>Z, F <,N">42<"<4 @FJV,FH&:,>4b *,bH,:\>@FH4. C"FN@*Z B@ BD@(D"<<"< & D"<8"N H,F>@
- 91 -
F&b2">>ZN <,0*J F@$@6 8@<B@>,>H@&, 8@H@DZ, F:,*J,H &8:`R4H\ & $"2@&Z, >"P4@>":\>Z, BD@(D"<<Z & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, BD,*B@:@04H,:\>@ F@FH"&bH:
") D"FN@*Z B@ 8@<B@>,>HJ B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4, B@ @P,>8"<, F@FH"&bH: 10,2 <:D*. *@::.
ES! & 2000 (@*J, 11,5 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2005 (@*J, 12,6 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2010 (@*J 4 13,8 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2015 (@*J. % @F>@&, ^H@6 @P,>84 :,0"H *">>Z, B,D,B4F4 4 @$F:,*@&">4b, B@<@("`V4, BD@(>@24D@&"H\ 8@:4R,FH&@ F,<,6>ZN B"D 4 @H*,:\>ZN :4P, 8@H@DZ,,
B@-&4*4<@<J, $J*JH B@:\2@&"H\Fb 4>L@D<"P4,6 4 JF:J("<4 & @$:"FH4 B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4.
AD@(>@2Z, 8"F"`V4,Fb $J*JV4N D"FN@*@&, JR4HZ&"`H B@&ZT,>4, 8"R,FH&" @$F:J04&">4b. M@Hb
B@&ZT,>4, 8"R,FH&" @$F:J04&">4b B@&:,R,H 2" F@$@6 J&,:4R,>4, & >,8@H@D@6 FH,B,>4 @$X,<" D"FN@*@& >" @*>@(@ B@:\2@&"H,:b, ^H@ J&,:4R,>4,, B@-&4*4<@<J, $J*,H 8@<B,>F4D@&">@
J<,>\T,>4,< D"FN@*@& >" @*>@(@ B@:\2@&"H,:b B@ <,D, B@&ZT,>4b 8"8 FH,B,>4 D"FBD@FHD">,>>@FH4, H"8 4 ^LL,8H4&>@FH\ BD@(D"<<;
b) D"FN@*Z >" 8@<B@>,>H D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b (>, &8:`R"b D"FN@*Z, 8@H@DZ,
F&b2">Z F <,N">42<"<4 @FJV,FH&:,>4b *,bH,:\>@FH4 4 J8"2">Z & D"<8"N 8@<B@>,>H" B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4), B@ @P,>8"<, *@B@:>4H,:\>@ F@FH"&bH: 5,0 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2000 (@*J, 5,4 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2005 (@*J, 5,7 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2010 (@*J 4 6,1 <:D*. *@::. ES! &
2015 (@*J. ?P,>8" & @H>@T,>44 8@<B@>,>H" D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b @HD"0",H F@$@6 @$VJ` FJ<<J, 4FR4F:,>>J` >" @F>@&, @BZH" @FJV,FH&:,>4b BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 @ND">Z 2*@D@&\b &
FHD">"N F D"2:4R>Z< JD@&>,< D"2&4H4b BD4 &Z$@D@R>@< JR,H, *DJ(4N JF:J( & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b. ?$V46 D,2J:\H"H @FJV,FH&:,>4b ^H4N <,D F H@R84 2D,>4b @ND">Z
2*@D@&\b <"H,D4 4 D,$,>8" $J*,H 2"&4F,H\ @H @8"2">4b &ZF@8@FB,P4":424D@&">>@6 4 >,@H:@0>@6 <,*4P4>F8@6 B@<@V4, D"FN@*Z >" 8@H@DJ` B@*:,0"H B@8DZH4` 2" FR,H @$V4N $`*0,H>ZN "FF4(>@&">46 >" F,8H@D" 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b;
F) @FJV,FH&:,>4, BD@(D"<<Z BD@L4:"8H484 B,D,*"&",<ZN B@:@&Z< BJH,< 2"$@:,&">46/%3Q/EA3), B@ @P,>8"< ':@$":\>@6 BD@(D"<<Z %?1 B@ EA3)J, @$@6*,HFb &:
1,3 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2000 (@*J, 1,4 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2005 (@*J 4 B@Db*8" 1,5 <:D*.
*@::. ES! & 2010 (@*J 4 1,5 <:D*. *@::. ES! & 2015 (@*J;
d)@FJV,FH&:,>4, $"2@&@6 BD@(D"<<Z >"JR>ZN 4FF:,*@&">46, ">":42" *">>ZN 4 B@:4H484
&@$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, B@ @P,>8"<, @$@6*,HFb &: 500 <:>. *@::. ES! &
2000 (@*J, 200 <:>. *@::. ES! & 2005 (@*J, 700 <:>. *@::. ES! & 2010 (@*J 4 300 <:>.
*@::. ES! & 2015 (@*J.
13.16. AD,*B@:"(",HFb, RH@ *@ *&JN HD,H,6 D"FN@*@& $J*JH B@-BD,0>,<J B@8DZ&"H\Fb F"<4<4 FHD">"<4, " BD4<,D>@ @*>" HD,H\ - &>,T>4<4 4FH@R>48"<4. ?*>"8@ >"4<,>,, D"2&4HZ, FHD">Z 4
*DJ(4, D"2&4&"`V4,Fb FHD">Z F >4284< JD@&>,< *@N@*@& $J*JH >J0*"H\Fb & $@:,, 2>"R4H,:\>ZN @$X,<"N &>,T>4N D,FJDF@&, &Z*,:b,<ZN >" :\(@H>ZN JF:@&4bN 4:4 & 8"R,FH&, FJ$F4*46.
E:,*@&"H,:\>@, $J*JH 4<,H\ <,FH@ 2>"R4H,:\>Z, D"2:4R4b F H@R84 2D,>4b B@HD,$>@FH,6 &@ &>,T>4N D,FJDF"N *:b BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b <,0*J D,(4@>"<4 4 &>JHD4 D,(4@>@&. C"FR,H>Z, *">>Z,, 8"F"`V4,Fb @$V4N B@HD,$>@FH,6 & <,0*J>"D@*>@6 B@<@V4, BD4&@*bHFb & BJ>8H, 14.11.
13.17. A@HD,$J`HFb *@B@:>4H,:\>Z, D,FJDFZ *:b @8"2">4b B@**,D084 BD@(D"<<"<, & D"<8"N 8@H@DZN D,T",HFb 2"*"R" *@FH40,>4b P,:,6 & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, @F@$,>>@ BD@(D"<<"<, >"BD"&:,>>Z< >" *@FH40,>4, 8@>8D,H>ZN P,:,6 & F@P4":\>@< 4 ^8@>@<4R,F8@< F,8H@D"N, F@*,D0"V4NFb & >"FH@bV,6 AD@(D"<<, *,6FH&46. E,8H@D 2*D"&@@ND">,>4b B@HD,$J,H &Z*,:,>4b *@B@:>4H,:\>ZN D,FJDF@& >" J8D,B:,>4, F4FH,<Z B,D&4R>@(@ <,*48@-F">4H"D>@(@ @$F:J04&">4b, BD@(D"<<Z @$,FB,R,>4b &Z04&">4b *,H,6, >,@H:@0>@6 "8JT,DF8@6 B@<@V4 4 4<,`V4, T4D@8J` @F>@&J BD@(D"<<Z $@D\$Z F 2"$@:,&">4b<4, B,D,*"&",<Z<4 B@:@&Z< BJH,<,
&8:`R"b %3Q/EA3), " H"80, (J<">>@(@ @$D"V,>4b, & R"FH>@FH4, F :4P"<4, 2"D"0,>>Z<4 B,D,*"&",<Z<4 B@:@&Z< BJH,< 2"$@:,&">4b<4/%3Q/EA3)@<, 4 4N :,R,>4b. E,8H@D @$D"2@&">4b
- 92 -
H"80, $J*,H >J0*"H\Fb & 8DJB>ZN *@B@:>4H,:\>ZN 4>&,FH4P4bN >" P,:4 @$,FB,R,>4b &F,@$V,(@ $"2@&@(@ @$D"2@&">4b 4 :48&4*"P44 >,D"&,>FH&" & R"FH4 *@FHJB" 8 @$D"2@&">4`, @$JF:@&:,>>@(@ B@:@<, <,FH@04H,:\FH&@<, F@P4":\>Z< 4:4 ^8@>@<4R,F84< FH"HJF@< 4 H.*.
13.18.)@B@:>4H,:\>Z, D,FJDFZ B@HD,$J`HFb *:b D,":42"P44 BD@(D"<< *,6FH&46, >"BD"&:,>>ZN
>" J:JRT,>4, B@:@0,>4b 4 D"FT4D,>4, &@2<@0>@FH,6 0,>V4> 4 @$,FB,R,>4, 4N &F,FH@D@>>,(@ JR"FH4b & BD@P,FF, D"2&4H4b (B@<4<@ @$,FB,R,>4b 4N $"2@&@(@ @$D"2@&">4b). %F,FH@D@>>,, &@&:,R,>4, 0,>V4> & D"2D"$@H8J, @FJV,FH&:,>4,, JBD"&:,>4, 4 <@>4H@D4>( &F,N BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 D"2&4H4b $J*,H &"0>Z< 8@<B@>,>H@< H"8@6 *,bH,:\>@FH4.
13.19.)@B@:>4H,:\>Z, D,FJDFZ B@HD,$J`HFb *:b D,":42"P44 BD@(D"<< *,6FH&46, >"BD"&:,>>ZN >" JF8@D,>4, @FJV,FH&:,>4b BD@(D"<< D"2&4H4b; @$,FB,R,>4, 2">bH@FH4; D,T,>4, ^8@:@(4R,F84N BD@$:,<, & H@< R4F:, BD@$:,<Z >,JFH@6R4&ZN FHDJ8HJD BD@42&@*FH&" 4 B@HD,$:,>4b; @8"2">4, F@P4":\>ZN JF:J(; *@FH40,>4, $":">F" & D"FBD,*,:,>44 >"F,:,>4b; D,T,>4, 2"*"R4 4F8@D,>,>4b >4V,HZ B@FD,*FH&@< JFH@6R4&@(@ ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ D@FH" & 8@>H,8FH, >,BD,DZ&>@(@ D"2&4H4b. 7 R4F:J 4<,`V4N & ^H@6 F&b24 "8HJ":\>@, 2>"R,>4, &"0>ZN BD@(D"<< @H>@FbHFb BD@(D"<<Z,
D"FF<@HD,>>Z, & A@&,FH8, *>b >" XXI &,8.
13.20. A@HD,$>@FH4 & D,FJDF"N *:b D,":42"P44 >"FH@bV,6 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46 @$JF:@&:4&"`H >,@$N@*4<@FH\ & @FJV,FH&:,>44 & $:40"6T,< $J*JV,< (@D"2*@ $@:,, 8DJB>ZN 4>&,FH4P46.
%ZD"0,>4,< B@:@04H,:\>ZN D,2J:\H"H@& ^H4N 4>&,FH4P46 <@0,H F:J04H\ $J*JV"b ^8@>@<4b & B:">, F,8H@D":\>ZN "FF4(>@&">46; JFH@6R4&@FH\ FHDJ8HJD BD@42&@*FH&" 4 B@HD,$:,>4b 4 JFH@6R4&Z6 ^8@>@<4R,F846 D@FH & 8@>H,8FH, >,BD,DZ&>@(@ D"2&4H4b; 4 @$V,, J:JRT,>4, 8"R,FH&" 042>4.
O,:\
13.21. O,:\ 2"8:`R",HFb & H@<, RH@$Z *@FH4R\ "*,8&"H>@(@ JD@&>b <@$4:42"P44 4 D"FBD,*,:,>4b D,FJDF@& >" @$V4>>@<, >"P4@>":\>@< 4 <,0*J>"D@*>@< JD@&>bN *:b BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 *:b *DJ(4N F<,0>ZN BD@(D"<<, 8"0*"b 42 8@H@DZN >"BD"&:,>" >" FH4<J:4D@&">4, 4 JF8@D,>4, F@P4":\>@(@ 4 ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ D"2&4H4b, B@&ZT,>4, 8"R,FH&" 042>4 *:b &F,N, B@@VD,>4, *@FH40,>4b D"&>@BD"&4b 4 B@:>@(@ J&"0,>4b :4R>ZN BD"& 4 F@*,6FH&4, & D,2J:\H"H, >,BD,DZ&>@<J D"2&4H4`.
),bH,:\>@FH\
13.22.AD"&4H,:\FH&"<, >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z< @D(">42"P4b<, R"FH>@<J F,8H@DJ 4 <,FH>Z<
@$V4>"< BD4 F@*,6FH&44 - B@ <,D, >,@$N@*4<@FH4 - <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ F@@$V,FH&" F:,*J,H BD4:"("H\
JF4:4b & >"BD"&:,>44 <@$4:42"P44 4 ^LL,8H4&>@(@ 4FB@:\2@&">4b D,FJDF@& *:b @FJV,FH&:,>4b BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, 8@H@DZ, B@&ZT"`H JD@&,>\ 4 8"R,FH&@ JF:J( B@ @ND">, D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b, &8:`R"b JF4:4b & @$:"FH4 B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4 4 BD,*JBD,0*,>4b B,D,*"&",<ZN B@:@&Z< BJH,< 2"$@:,&">46/%3Q/EA3)". % F@@H&,HFH&44 F P,:\` >Z>,T>,6 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46, 2"8:`R"`V,6Fb & @$,FB,R,>44 @8"2">4b &@ &F,< <4D, &ZF@8@8"R,FH&,>>ZN JF:J( & @$:"FH4 D,BD@*J8H4&>@(@ 2*@D@&\b 4 B:">4D@&">4b F,<\4 4 *@FHJB" 8 >4<, @F@$Z6 JB@D *@:0,> *,:"H\Fb >" J*@&:,H&@D,>4, B@HD,$>@FH,6 (DJBB >"F,:,>4b, >, @N&"R,>>ZN @$F:J04&">4,<,
&8:`R"b B@*D@FH8@& F JR,H@< BD"& 4 @$b2">>@FH,6 D@*4H,:,6 4 >J0* B@*D@FH8@&, 4 $,*>,6T4N F:@,& F,:\F8@(@ 4 (@D@*F8@(@ >"F,:,>4b, 4 >" @$,FB,R,>4, $,2@B"F>@FH4 JF:J( 4 4N @8"2">44 F JR,H@< B@HD,$>@FH,6 0,>V4>, <J0R4> 4 B@*D@FH8@&. AD4 <@$4:42"P44 D,FJDF@& >" ^H4 P,:4 FHD">"< F:,*J,H J*,:bH\ $@:\T, &>4<">4b H"84< >@&Z< L@D<"<, 8"8 D"FT4D,>4, JR"FH4b R"FH>@(@ F,8H@D", JFH">@&:,>4, *4LL,D,>P4D@&">>ZN H"D4L@& >" JF:J(4, <"D8,H4>( F4:"<4 @$V,FH&,>>@FH4,
F@&<,FH>@, B@8DZH4, D"FN@*@&, 4 *DJ(4< FB@F@$"< &@2<,V,>4b 2"HD"H. ?*>"8@ ^H4 L@D<Z >, *@:0>Z BD,BbHFH&@&"H\ *@FHJBJ 8 JF:J("<, 4 4N F:,*J,H F@R,H"H\ F "*,8&"H>Z<4 <,D"<4 B@ F@2*">4` <,N">42<@& F@P4":\>@6 2"V4HZ.
- 93 -
13.23.AD"&4H,:\FH&"<, >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z< @D(">42"P4b<, R"FH>@<J F,8H@DJ 4 <,FH>Z< @$V4>"< BD4 F@*,6FH&44 - B@ <,D, >,@$N@*4<@FH4 - <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ F@@$V,FH&" F:,*J,H FHD,<4H\Fb 8 <@$4:42"P44 D,FJDF@&, >,@$N@*4<ZN *:b B@**,D084 *@FH40,>4b &F,N P,:,6 & @$:"FH4 F@P4":\>@(@ D"2&4H4b 4, & R"FH>@FH4, *:b &ZB@:>,>4b @$b2"H,:\FH&, 8@H@DZ, BD"&4H,:\FH&" D">,, &2b:4 & @H>@T,>44 "?$D"2@&">4b *:b &F,N" ()0@<H\,>F8"b *,8:"D"P4b), <>@(@F,8H@D":\>ZN P,:,6, >"<,R,>>ZN >" %F,<4D>@6 &FHD,R, >" &ZFT,< JD@&>, & 4>H,D,F"N *,H,6, & A@&,FH8, *>b >" XXI &,8 4 & *DJ(4N F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N <,0*J>"D@*>ZN F@(:"T,>4bN, 4 8 BD@*@:0,>4` <@$4:42"P44 D,FJDF@&, >,@$N@*4<ZN *:b *@FH40,>4b P,:,6 >"FH@bV,6 AD@(D"<<Z *,6FH&46. %
^H@6 F&b24 BD"&4H,:\FH&"< >"FH@bH,:\>@ D,8@<,>*J,HFb &Z*,:bH\ >" F@P4":\>Z, F,8H@DZ $@:,, 2>"R4H,:\>J` *@:` (@FJ*"DFH&,>>ZN "FF4(>@&">46, " H"80, $@:,, 2>"R4H,:\>J` *@:` @L4P4":\>@6 B@<@V4 & P,:bN D"2&4H4b F J*,:,>4,< @F@$@(@ &>4<">4b, & R"FH>@FH4, 4F8@D,>,>4` >4V,HZ & 8@>H,8FH, JFH@6R4&@(@ D"2&4H4b.
13.24.AD"&4H,:\FH&"<, <,0*J>"D@*>Z< @D(">42"P4b< 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z< @D(">42"P4b<
F:,*J,H F@HDJ*>4R"H\ >" B@FH@b>>@6 @F>@&, & *,:, B@*(@H@&84 H@R>ZN 4 *@FH@&,D>ZN @P,>@8 D"FN@*@&, ,F:4 H"8@&Z, J<,FH>Z, & @H>@T,>44 8"0*@6 8"H,(@D44 4>&,FH4P46.
':"&" XIV*
;+/)I=!C?)=?+ E?GCI)=3Q+EG%?
A. ?$b2">>@FH4 B"DH>,D@& B@ D"2&4H4`
?F>@&" *:b *,bH,:\>@FH4
14.1. 1" B@F:,*>4, *&" *,FbH4:,H4b <,0*J>"D@*>@, F@HDJ*>4R,FH&@ *@8"2":@ F&@` >,2"<,>4<J` D@:\ & @FJV,FH&:,>44 BD@(D"<< & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b. AD@4FN@*4:@ >,J8:@>>@, J&,:4R,>4, R4F:" L4>">F@&ZN *@>@D@&, 4 &F, $@:\TJ` *@:` FD,*4 *@>@D@& F@FH"&:b`H >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z, @D(">42"P44 4 @D(">42"P44 R"FH>@(@ F,8H@D". ;>@(@R4F:,>>Z, BD4<,DZ
JFB,T>@(@ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" <,0*J D"2&4&"`V4<4Fb FHD">"<4 D"2DJT4:4 FH,D,@H4B>Z, BD,*FH"&:,>4b @ H@<, RH@ *@>@D"<4 b&:b`HFb 4F8:`R4H,:\>@ D"2&4HZ, FHD">Z. A@:JR4:4 T4D@8@, D"FBD@FHD">,>4, B"DH>,DF84, @H>@T,>4b <,0*J *@>@D"<4 & F"<ZN D"2>@@$D"2>ZN L@D<"N, H"8 RH@
F,(@*>b H,F>@, &2"4<@*,6FH&4, BD"&4H,:\FH& 4 <>@(@FH@D@>>4N @D(">42"P46 F >"P4@>":\>Z<4 4 <,0*J>"D@*>Z<4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4 4 BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 R"FH>@(@ F,8H@D" >, &@FBD4>4<",HFb 8"8 >,RH@ >,@$ZR>@,. G"8"b ^&@:`P4b <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b @HD"0",H 2>"R4H,:\>Z, B,D,<,>Z, BD@4FT,*T4, 2" *&" B@F:,*>4N *,FbH4:,H4b, @F@$,>>@ & H@<, RH@ 8"F",HFb (@D"2*@ $@:,, (:J$@8@(@ @F@2>">4b <"FTH"$@&,
<>@(@@$D"24b 4 >"FJV>@FH4 >,J*@&:,H&@D,>>ZN B@HD,$>@FH,6. EHD">Z, D">,, BD4*"&"&T4, <4>4<":\>@, 2>"R,>4, &@BD@F"< >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b, F,(@*>b BD42>"`H, RH@ 4N D,T,>4, b&:b,HFb 2":@(@< JFB,T>@(@ D"2&4H4b. +F:4 D">\T, <,0*J>"D@*>"b <4(D"P4b 4 EA3), >"BD4<,D, $Z:4 &H@D@FH,B,>>Z<4 BD@$:,<"<4 *:b >,$@:\T@(@ R4F:" FHD">, H@ F,(@*>b @>4 FH":4 B,D&@@R,D,*>Z<4 &@BD@F"<4 *:b <>@(4N FHD">.
14.2. AD@P,FF FH">@&:,>4b, 8@H@DZ6 B,D,04:@ <,0*J>"D@*>@, F@HDJ*>4R,FH&@ & @$:"FH4 >"D@*@>"F,:,>4b 4 D"2&4H4b, &ZF&,H4: Db* HDJ*>@FH,6 4 >,*@FH"H8@&, 8@H@DZ, >,@$N@*4<@ BD,@*@:,H\. G"8, >"BD4<,D, J&,:4R,>4, R4F:" 4 42<,>,>4, F@FH"&" B"DH>,D@& B@ D"2&4H4` FH"&bH
B,D,* B@:JR"H,:b<4 B@<@V4 4 *@>@D"<4 &F, $@:,, F:@0>J` BD@$:,<J &Z$@D" & B@:\2J H,N 4:4 4>ZN <>@(@R4F:,>>ZN 4 D"&>ZN B@ 2>"R4<@FH4 BD4@D4H,H@& & @$:"FH4 D"2&4H4b - 2"*"R", 8@H@D"b <@0,H @8"2"H\Fb &,F\<" F:@0>@6, & R"FH>@FH4 *:b BD"&4H,:\FH& FHD">-B@:JR"H,:,6 B@<@V4.
* E&bH,6T46 AD,FH@: &ZF8"2": @$VJ` @(@&@D8J & @H>@T,>44 >"FH@bV,6 (:"&Z. ]HJ @(@&@D8J F:,*J,H H@:8@&"H\ & 8@>H,8FH, 2"b&:,>4b, F*,:">>@(@ BD,*FH"&4H,:,< E&bH,6T,(@ AD,FH@:" >" 14-< B:,>"D>@< 2"F,*">44 13 F,>Hb$Db 1994 (@*".
- 94 -