1. What morphemes are in morphological structure of words? What is a morpheme? Give the definitions to the words: «root», «ending», «suffix» and «prefix».

Morphological structure of words consists of morphemes such root, ending, suffix, prefix. Morpheme – is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning.

A root morpheme is the basic form to which other morphemes are attached. It provides the basic meaning of the word. The morpheme {saw} - пилить is the root of sawers - пильщики.

Affixes, in their turn, are subdivided into prefixes, which precede the root (as in re-read), and suffixes, which follow the root (as in teach-er). A suffix is a derivational morpheme following the stem and form­ing a new derivative in a different part of speech or a different word class, c f. -en, -y, -less in hearten, hearty, heartless.

A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and modifying meaning, c f. hearten – dishearten.

An ending - the final morpheme added to a word base to make an inflectional form, such as -ed in walked. (-s, -es, -ed, - ing)

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1. Give the definitions to the words “morphology”, “morpheme”. What 2 kinds of morphemes do you know?

Morphology – is the branch of linguistics which studies morphemes and how they make up words.

Morpheme – is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning.

Derivational morphemes are added to forms to create separate words: {‑er} is a derivational suffix whose addition turns a verb into a noun, usually meaning the person or thing that performs the action denoted by the verb. For example, {paint} + {-er} creates painter, one of whose meanings is “someone who paints.”

Inflectional morphemes do not create separate words. They merely modify the word in which they occur in order to indicate grammatical properties such as plurality, as the {-s} of magazines does, or past tense, as the {ed} of babecued does. English has eight inflectional morphemes, which we will describe below.

nouns: {-s} plural (the birds)

noun phrases: {-s} genitive/possessive (the bird’s song)

adjectives/adverbs: {-er} comparative (faster)

{-est} superlative (fastest)

verbs: {-s} 3rd person singular present tense (proves)

{-ed} past tense (proved)

{-ing} progressive/present participle (is proving)

{-en} past participle (has proven)

(was proven)

[Note: the regular past participle morpheme is {-ed}, identical to the

past tense form {-ed}. We use the irregular past participle form {-en} to

distinguish the two.]

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1.What kinds parts of speech do you know? Briefly describe each of them.

Noun	A noun is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action. Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival
Verb	A verb is a word which describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something). Examples: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want
Adjective	An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun. Examples: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important
Adverb	An adverb is a word which usually describes a verb. It tells you how something is done. It may also tell you when or where something happened. Examples: slowly, intelligently, well, yesterday, tomorrow, here, everywhere
Pronoun	A pronoun is used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the noun. Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Conjunction	A conjunction joins two words, phrases or sentences together. Examples: but, so, and, because, or
Preposition	A preposition usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence. Examples: on, in, by, with, under, through, at
Interjection	An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks. Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!
Article	An article is used to introduce a noun. Examples: the, a, an

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