- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •English grammar: a key to successful communication:
- •Учебно-методическое пособие
- •Печатается по постановлению Редакционно-издательского совета Нижневартовского государственного гуманитарного университета
- •English Grammar: a Key to Successful Communication: The Essentials. Part 1: Учебно-методическое пособие / Сост. Р. Я. Солодкин. – Нижневартовск: нггу, 2009. – 51 с.
- •Unit 1. The verb to be
- •1.1. Complete the sentences using a suitable form of the verb “to be”.
- •1.2. Render the sentences into English.
- •Unit 2. Numerals
- •2.1. Say the following numerals in English.
- •2.2. Say the following dates in English.
- •2.3. “What time is it?”
- •2.4. Find the errors in these statements and correct them.
- •2.5. Give an English equivalent for the underlying sentences.
- •3.1. Rewrite the sentences, using there is or there are.
- •3.2. Rewrite the sentences, using there was or there were.
- •3.3. Make these sentences into questions. Begin each question with the words given.
- •3.4. Fill in the gaps with it or there.
- •3.5. Complete the sentences using there is or it is. Use inversion where necessary.
- •3.6. Rewrite these sentences to begin with “there” as an impersonal subject.
- •3.7. Make ten sentences from this table.
- •3.8. Rewrite each sentence, ending as shown, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, and so that it contains it or there.
- •3.9. The word “it” has been left out of these sentences. The number in brackets tells you how many times it should occur. Show where it should be.
- •3.10. Rewrite these sentences with “it” and a “to”-infinitive clause.
- •3.11. Give an English equivalent for the following sentences.
- •Unit 4. Questions
- •4.1. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make “yes/no”-questions.
- •4.2. Complete the “yes/no”-questions using the endings given.
- •4.3. Use the “wh”-words below to complete the questions which follow.
- •4.4. Rearrange the parts of the sentences to make questions with “wh”-words as subject.
- •4.5. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make questions with “wh”-words as object.
- •4.6. Do these questions starting and finishing with the words given.
- •4.7. Write questions to which the words in bold are the answers.
- •4.8. Write a who or what question for each answer.
- •4.9. Write a question to each answer.
- •4.10. Match the questions and answers.
- •4.11. Here are some of the things people say at parties. Match the statements with the question tags.
- •4.12. Add the question tags.
- •4.13. Mark and Jenny went into the travel agent’s to book a holiday. These are some of the questions that were asked. Add the question tags.
- •4.14. Mark and Jenny were showing some family photographs to a friend. Here are some of the questions that were asked. Complete the questions by adding the question tags.
- •4.15. Complete these questions with the appropriate question tags.
- •4.16. Use question tags to complete these sentences.
- •4.17. Add question tags to these statements to make them into questions asking someone to confirm what you are saying, or to agree with you.
- •4.18. Add suitable question tags.
- •4.19. Add a question tag to each sentence.
- •4.20. Write a short answer for each question, beginning as shown.
- •4.21. Rewrite these requests using question tags.
- •4.22. Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes.
- •4.23. Render the following into English.
- •Unit 5. Possession
- •5.1. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •5.2. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive.
- •5.3. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive with “own”.
- •5.4. Complete the sentences by adding an apostrophe or an apostrophe s (’s) to the word or word combination in brackets.
- •5.5. Put an apostrophe where necessary.
- •5.6. Rewrite the replies to these questions.
- •5.7. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •5.8. Find the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence.
- •5.9. Rewrite these sentences using “a … of” instead of “one of”.
- •5.10. Give the English for the following sentences.
- •Unit 6. Pronouns
- •6.1. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
- •6.2. Complete the following sentences with “they”, “them” or “their”.
- •6.3. Use the correct reflexive pronouns to complete the following sentences.
- •6.4. Complete each sentence so that it includes a suitable form of one of the verbs from the box, and a reflexive pronoun.
- •6.5. Add personal pronouns to complete the story.
- •6.6. Choose a personal pronoun or a reflexive pronoun to complete these sentences correctly.
- •6.7. Change the phrases “on one’s own” to “by oneself”.
- •6.8. Supply the English for the underlying sentences.
- •Unit 7. Making comparisons
- •7.1. Write down the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives below.
- •7.2. Correct the spelling of these words where necessary.
- •7.3. Complete these sentences using the comparative of the adjectives in brackets and “than”.
- •7.4. Form the comparative of the adjectives in these phrases and use the phrases in the sentences below.
- •7.5. Make sentences with a comparative form and “than”, using the words given.
- •7.6. Complete these sentences using the comparative and the superlative of the adjectives given.
- •7.7. Complete the following sentences using superlative adjectives in front of the nouns.
- •7.8. Put one suitable word in each space, beginning with the letter given. The number of letters in the word is suggested.
- •7.9. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •7.10. Complete each sentence with a comparative or superlative form of the word in bold. Include any other necessary words.
- •7.11. Choose the correct answer.
- •7.12. Change not as … as into less … than.
- •7.13. Supply as … as, not as … as, less. More than one answer may be possible.
- •7.14. Choose the correct answer.
- •7.15. Rewrite the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.16. Put one suitable word in each space.
- •7.17. Put one suitable word in each space.
- •7.18. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
- •7.19. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •7.20. Give an English equivalent for the sentences.
- •Recommended learning resources Reference and grammar books
- •Dictionaries
- •Internet resources
5.10. Give the English for the following sentences.
1. Это мотоцикл моего брата.
2. Это твой ноутбук? – Нет, Кэтрин.
3. Картина Дженни – лучшая на выставке.
4. Мы не знаем, чья это собака. – Это собака нашего соседа.
5. Презентация Майкла и Джереми была крайне запутанной.
6. В прошлом году он основал свой собственный бизнес.
7. Это Ваша машина? – Да, моя. А что? – Она очень похожа на нашу.
8. Компьютер моего брата очень современный. А Ваш? – Мой компьютер – самой последней модели.
9. Рисунки детей очень забавные.
10. Чей этот дом? – Дэвида и Дженни.
11. Ваша квартира очень уютная и красивая. Вы сами её ремонтировали?
12. Это платье – одно из её самых любимых.
13. Ваша очередь говорить, не моя.
14. Это очередная сумасшедшая идея моего дяди.
15. Чьи это часы? – Мои. – Очень красивые и стильные.
16. Это Ваши вещи? – Да, мои.
17. Тони их друг? – Не то что бы друг, скорее знакомый.
18. Сестра Джейн просто красавица. В отличие от самой Джейн.
19. С кем ты провел выходные? – Не лезь не в своё дело.
20. Она моя давняя подруга.
Unit 6. Pronouns
REFERENCE
A Types of pronouns
Subject pronouns |
Object pronouns |
Possessive pronouns (adjectives) |
Absolute form |
Reflexive pronoun |
S I N G U L A R |
||||
I |
me |
my |
mine |
myself |
you |
you |
your |
yours |
yourself |
he |
him |
his |
his |
himself |
she |
her |
her |
hers |
herself |
it |
it |
its |
– |
itself |
P L U R A L |
||||
we |
us |
our |
ours |
ourselves |
you |
you |
your |
yours |
yourselves |
they |
them |
their |
theirs |
themselves |
B Use of pronouns
Subject pronouns выступают всегда в качестве подлежащего:
We like spending time together.
Object pronouns выступают в качестве дополнения после глагола или предлога:
They forgot to tell us the manager’s phone number.
I never spoke to her in person.
Possessive pronouns (adjectives) предшествуют существительному, указывая на принадлежность или взаимосвязь:
My new mobile has a high-speed Internet connection.
Absolute forms употребляются в предложении после предлога или самостоятельно:
She is an old friend of ours.
This is your opinion, mine is a bit different.
Reflexive pronouns используются в следующих случаях:
♦ для передачи направленности действия на себя:
Paul taught himself how to play backgammon.
♦ для передачи значения «в одиночестве, без чьей-либо компании»:
I hate going on holiday by myself = I hate going on holiday on my own.
♦ для передачи значения «без посторонней помощи»:
We did it entirely by ourselves.
♦ в ряде устойчивых словосочетаний (enjoy oneself, behave oneself, help oneself):
I didn’t enjoy myself at the party last weekend.
♦ для акцентирования внимания на объекте или субъекте высказывания:
She herself didn’t know what to do next.
Claire spoke to the Director General himself.
PRACTICE