- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •English grammar: a key to successful communication:
- •Учебно-методическое пособие
- •Печатается по постановлению Редакционно-издательского совета Нижневартовского государственного гуманитарного университета
- •English Grammar: a Key to Successful Communication: The Essentials. Part 1: Учебно-методическое пособие / Сост. Р. Я. Солодкин. – Нижневартовск: нггу, 2009. – 51 с.
- •Unit 1. The verb to be
- •1.1. Complete the sentences using a suitable form of the verb “to be”.
- •1.2. Render the sentences into English.
- •Unit 2. Numerals
- •2.1. Say the following numerals in English.
- •2.2. Say the following dates in English.
- •2.3. “What time is it?”
- •2.4. Find the errors in these statements and correct them.
- •2.5. Give an English equivalent for the underlying sentences.
- •3.1. Rewrite the sentences, using there is or there are.
- •3.2. Rewrite the sentences, using there was or there were.
- •3.3. Make these sentences into questions. Begin each question with the words given.
- •3.4. Fill in the gaps with it or there.
- •3.5. Complete the sentences using there is or it is. Use inversion where necessary.
- •3.6. Rewrite these sentences to begin with “there” as an impersonal subject.
- •3.7. Make ten sentences from this table.
- •3.8. Rewrite each sentence, ending as shown, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, and so that it contains it or there.
- •3.9. The word “it” has been left out of these sentences. The number in brackets tells you how many times it should occur. Show where it should be.
- •3.10. Rewrite these sentences with “it” and a “to”-infinitive clause.
- •3.11. Give an English equivalent for the following sentences.
- •Unit 4. Questions
- •4.1. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make “yes/no”-questions.
- •4.2. Complete the “yes/no”-questions using the endings given.
- •4.3. Use the “wh”-words below to complete the questions which follow.
- •4.4. Rearrange the parts of the sentences to make questions with “wh”-words as subject.
- •4.5. Expand the “What about…?” phrases to make questions with “wh”-words as object.
- •4.6. Do these questions starting and finishing with the words given.
- •4.7. Write questions to which the words in bold are the answers.
- •4.8. Write a who or what question for each answer.
- •4.9. Write a question to each answer.
- •4.10. Match the questions and answers.
- •4.11. Here are some of the things people say at parties. Match the statements with the question tags.
- •4.12. Add the question tags.
- •4.13. Mark and Jenny went into the travel agent’s to book a holiday. These are some of the questions that were asked. Add the question tags.
- •4.14. Mark and Jenny were showing some family photographs to a friend. Here are some of the questions that were asked. Complete the questions by adding the question tags.
- •4.15. Complete these questions with the appropriate question tags.
- •4.16. Use question tags to complete these sentences.
- •4.17. Add question tags to these statements to make them into questions asking someone to confirm what you are saying, or to agree with you.
- •4.18. Add suitable question tags.
- •4.19. Add a question tag to each sentence.
- •4.20. Write a short answer for each question, beginning as shown.
- •4.21. Rewrite these requests using question tags.
- •4.22. Make a new sentence with a tag question which has the same meaning as the first sentence, beginning as shown. Make any necessary changes.
- •4.23. Render the following into English.
- •Unit 5. Possession
- •5.1. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •5.2. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive.
- •5.3. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive with “own”.
- •5.4. Complete the sentences by adding an apostrophe or an apostrophe s (’s) to the word or word combination in brackets.
- •5.5. Put an apostrophe where necessary.
- •5.6. Rewrite the replies to these questions.
- •5.7. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •5.8. Find the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence.
- •5.9. Rewrite these sentences using “a … of” instead of “one of”.
- •5.10. Give the English for the following sentences.
- •Unit 6. Pronouns
- •6.1. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
- •6.2. Complete the following sentences with “they”, “them” or “their”.
- •6.3. Use the correct reflexive pronouns to complete the following sentences.
- •6.4. Complete each sentence so that it includes a suitable form of one of the verbs from the box, and a reflexive pronoun.
- •6.5. Add personal pronouns to complete the story.
- •6.6. Choose a personal pronoun or a reflexive pronoun to complete these sentences correctly.
- •6.7. Change the phrases “on one’s own” to “by oneself”.
- •6.8. Supply the English for the underlying sentences.
- •Unit 7. Making comparisons
- •7.1. Write down the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives below.
- •7.2. Correct the spelling of these words where necessary.
- •7.3. Complete these sentences using the comparative of the adjectives in brackets and “than”.
- •7.4. Form the comparative of the adjectives in these phrases and use the phrases in the sentences below.
- •7.5. Make sentences with a comparative form and “than”, using the words given.
- •7.6. Complete these sentences using the comparative and the superlative of the adjectives given.
- •7.7. Complete the following sentences using superlative adjectives in front of the nouns.
- •7.8. Put one suitable word in each space, beginning with the letter given. The number of letters in the word is suggested.
- •7.9. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •7.10. Complete each sentence with a comparative or superlative form of the word in bold. Include any other necessary words.
- •7.11. Choose the correct answer.
- •7.12. Change not as … as into less … than.
- •7.13. Supply as … as, not as … as, less. More than one answer may be possible.
- •7.14. Choose the correct answer.
- •7.15. Rewrite the sentences using the words in bold.
- •7.16. Put one suitable word in each space.
- •7.17. Put one suitable word in each space.
- •7.18. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
- •7.19. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.
- •7.20. Give an English equivalent for the sentences.
- •Recommended learning resources Reference and grammar books
- •Dictionaries
- •Internet resources
Unit 5. Possession
REFERENCE
For possessive pronouns (adjectives) and absolute forms of pronouns see Unit 6.
Possessive case of nouns (Притяжательный падеж существительных)
Притяжательный падеж образуется путем трансформации of-phrase в форму с апострофом (apostrophe). Апостроф ставится после элемента, обозначающего обладателя или отличительную характеристику предмета:
the cat of Jane → Jane’s cat
the glasses of my mother-in-law → my mother-in-law’s glasses
the events of yesterday → yesterday’s events
Если слово во множественном числе оканчивается на -s, то добавляется только апостроф. Если же слово оканчивается на любую другую букву, то добавляется и апостроф, и -s:
the students’ voices men’s wear
Если имя собственное оканчивается на буквы -s, -x, -z или сочетание согласных букв, образующее шипящий звук (ch, sh, ss), то добавляется ’ и -s, а слово и буква -s соединяются в произношении при помощи интерфикса [ı]:
James’s […ız] mansion Max’s […ız] idea Bush’s […ız] statement
Иногда использование притяжательного падежа факультативно:
a leg of the table → a table leg or a table’s leg
PRACTICE
5.1. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
1. Jane met a friend of her / hers in the street.
2. Lucy does all herself / her own decorating.
3. Are these scissors your / yours?
4. The desk next to the window is my / mine.
5. Chris and Anna introduced me to a neighbour of their / theirs.
6. Excuse me, is this your / yours seat?
7. David asks if you’ve seen that old coat of his / him.
8. Pete has borrowed my / mine bike.
9. We haven’t brought our / ours books with us.
10. The dog is black and white, and it’s / its ears are very long.
5.2. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive.
1. I left … car in the garage.
2. Marry hung … coat on the peg.
3. Jack had … hair cut.
4. Neil and David ate … supper.
5. I hope you enjoy … holiday.
6. We’ll invite you round to … house sometime.
5.3. Complete these sentences by adding a possessive with “own”.
1. You must make up … mind.
2. The children had to cook … dinner.
3. Bill borrowed Jenny’s car. … car was being repaired.
4. I’ll bring … sheets and towels.
5. Every dog had … special basket to sleep in.
6. You should do … washing up.
5.4. Complete the sentences by adding an apostrophe or an apostrophe s (’s) to the word or word combination in brackets.
1. They are having a … party on Saturday. (children)
2. This is my … house. (parents)
3. Do you know John? He is … father. (David and Jane)
4. I borrowed … bike. (James)
5. I’ll be staying in my … flat. (friends)
6. That looks like … car. (John and Jean)
7. This is … coat, isn’t it? (Sylvia)
8. We are going away for … holiday. (a week)
9. You need … rest. (a couple of days)
10. We usually have … holiday in summer. (two weeks)