2. Спорт – шлях формування характеру. Улюблені види спорту

Тема	Sports
Граматика	Модальні дієслова

Граматика

Модальні дієслова

До основних модальних дієслів (modal verbs) належать can, must, may. Після цих дієслів вживаються смислові дієслова без частки to.

Модальні дієслова мають деякі особливості:

1. Не змінюються за особами і числами (тобто не мають закінчення -(e)s у третій особі, однини): Не can dance.

2. Не мають неособових форм: інфінітива, герундія і дієприкметників.

3. Питальну та заперечну форми утворюють самостій­но, без допоміжного дієслова: May I come in? He cannot.

Сап і тау мають форми теперішнього і минулого часу (could, might), а дієслово must вживається лише в тепе­рішньому часі.

Повні і короткі заперечні форми:

can — cannot, can not — can't

could — could not — couldn't

may — may not — mayn't

might — might not — mightn't

must — must not — mustn't

shall — shall not —shan't

should — should not — shouldn't

will — will not— won't

would — would not— wouldn't

must — must not — mustn't

Вправа 1

Дайте відповіді на питання.

1. Do you play any games? Which is your favourite game? Who taught you to play it?

2. Are you an ice-hockey fan? Who is your favourite ice-hockey player? What team dc you support? Do young boys dream of becoming ice-hockey players? Why?

3. Fishing is a pleasant kind of sport, isn't it? What qualities does it require?

Вправа 2

Вивчіть нову лексику до теми.

s hooting — стрільба

hunting — полювання

yachting — парусний спорт

athletic training — тренування з атлетики

wrestling — боротьба

indoor games — ігри в закритому приміщенні

car (motor) racing — автоперегони, автораллі

cycling —їзда на велосипеді

diving — стрибки у воду

fencing — фехтування

figure-skating — фігурне катания

gymnastics — гімнастика

mountaineering — альпінізм

rowing and canoeing — веслування

ski-jumping — стрибки на лижах

sky diving (parachuting) — парашутний спорт

weight-lifting — поднімання штанги

athletics (track-and-field) — атлетика (легка)

discus (hammer, javelin) throwing — кидання диску (молоту, спису) open air (outdoor) games — ігри на відкритому повітрі

high (long, triple) jump — стрибки

marathon — марафон

race (run) — біг

amateur (professional) — аматорський

(професійний) aquatics — водний спорт

basic sports — основні види спорту

1000-metres time trial — велогонка на 1000 метрів

road race (individual, team) — шосейна велогонка (особиста, командна)

gliding — планерний спорт

lawn tennis — великий теніс

close score — рахунок при незначній перевазі однієї сторони

speed skating (slalom) — слалом

strokes — стилі (у плаванні)

skiing cross-country race — лижний кросс

cup (final, semifinal) match — фінальний (півфінальний) матч на кубок

point — очко

score — рахунок

visiting team — команда, яку приймають господарі поля

home team — господарі поля

contestants — учасники змагань

cup tie — гра на кубок

compulsory exercise — обов'язкова програма

optional programme — довільна програма

100-metre sprint (race, event) — біг на 100 метрів

relay — естафета

long jump (A. E.— broad jump) — стрибок у довжину

hop, step and jump — трійний стрибок

sprinter — спрінтер

hurdler — участик бігу з бар'єрами

relay runner — учасник естафети

skiing gear — лижне спорядження

skiing suit — лижний костюм

singlet and shorts — майка та труси

barbell — штанга

beam — перекладина

chessboard — шахматна дошка

cricket — крікет

football (soccer) — футбол

hockey — хокей

rugby (rugger) — регбі

water polo — водне поло

draughts — шашки

squash — гра в м'яч (схожа на великий теніс)

table tennis — настільний теніс

downhill skiing — гірськолижний спорт

to rule (of an umpire) — прийняти рішення(про суддю)

bindings — кріплення

training suit — тренувальний костюм

t o break the tape — розірвати стрічку (на фініші)

to cover the distance in great style — показати високу техніку бігу

to clear the hurdle in great style — показати високу техніку при взятті бар'еру

to kick the ball — вдарити по м'ячу

to score a goal — забити гол

to keep the score — зберігати рахунок

to end a game in a draw — закінчити гру з нічийним рахунком

to win by 2 (3, etc.) goals (points) — виграти на 2(3 и т.д.)гола (очка)

to indulge in smth = to go in for smth захоплюватись, займатись

to be keen on smth — прагнути до чогось

to root for somebody — "уболівати" за когось

net — сітка

racket — ракетка

horizontal bar — перекладина (турник)

(flying) rings — кільця parallel bars — брусся

free rifle (pistol) — гвинтівка

draw — нічия

shutout — гра з "сухим" рахунком

to be a soccer fan — бути футбольним вболівальником

to be in good (bad) sport shape — бути у хорошій (поганій) спортивній формі

to feel refreshed — почуватись відновленим

to win with the score 3:0 in smb's favour — виграти з рахунком 3:0 на чиюсь користь

to qualify for entry — відповідати вимогам для участі (в змаганнях,)

to be a match for smb. — бути достойним супротивника

to score a point — набрати очко

to open the score — відкрити рахунок

to even the score —зрівняти рахунок

to bring the score to — довести рахунок до

to win on points — виграти по очках

to award additional time — дати додатковий час

to increase the lead — закріпляти перевагу

to root for a team — уболівати за команду

Вправа 3

Дайте відповіді на питання.

1. Which sports do you think are: very exciting to watch?

very boring to watch?

very dangerous to play?

very fast to play?

very slow to play?

very interesting to watch?

very good for people who want to stay fit?

2. Which sports are these places associated with?

Court, course, ring, pitch, rink, alley.

3. What competitive sports do you know?

4. What are spectator (participant) sports?

5. What sports are popular in our country (the USA, England)?

6. What is the most characteristic feature of Ukrainian sports programmes?

7. What do you know about major professional sports in Great Britain and the USA?

Вправа 4

Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.

SPORTS

I N UKRAINE. All sports have their strong supporters. There are many stadiums and public sports facilities in our country. Numerous national and international matches and competitions are regularly held in Ukraine. They attract large numbers of fans. Most of the important games are televised alive.

Valeriy Borzov

Ukrainian sports are quite well developed. Evidence of this is found in the Olympic results. It can be said that Ukraine's participation in the world Olympic movement started in 1894, when a 56-year-old Ukrainian General by the name of Oleksyi Butovsky, born in the village of Piatybortsi, Poltava Gubernia, visited Paris to attend the Athletic Congress, where he became one of the founding members of the Movement. In 1994 Valeriy Borzov, the famous sprinter of the 1970s, was elected member of the IOC.

In 1994 Independent Ukraine sent its national team to vie in the Games for the first time. At the 17th Winter Games in Lillehammer, young figure skater Oksana Bayul went down into Olympic history, winning the first gold medal for Ukraine.

The Olympic victories of Ukrainian athletes are quite impressive: 400 trophies, including 180 gold medals. By its athletic attainments over the past 40 years Ukraine ranks with the world's 20 leading Olympic countries.

A mong the best known team athletes are the Kyiv "Dynamo" soccer players who in 1975 and 1986, led by noted coach V.Lobanovskyi, took the European Cup Holders' Cup. Practically every tournament was won for almost 20 years on end by the Kyiv Spartak handball team, led by L.Turchyn. Great success was achieved by women's basket­ball team winning the 1995 European Championship. The Kyiv "Budivelnyk" basketball, "Sokil" hockey and Zaporizhia's "Orbita" volleyball teams enjoy constant popularity with their fans.

The Ukrainian school of gymnastics is recognized the world over. At different periods I.Deriuhina, O.Tymoshenko, O.Skaldina, K.Serebrianska, O.Vitrychenko and others won world and European championships.

S.Bubka, this world famous pole vaulter who was the first in Ukraine to receive the title "Merited Master of Sports of Ukraine" followed by that of "Master of Sports, International Class" is the holder of 35 world records the last being registered in 1994 when he chalked up 6.14 m in Italy.

Brothers Vitaly and Volodimir Clychko show not only the highly professional boxing, but an example of rather intelligent and bright personalities. V.CIychko has become a title-holder of all-round international champion in 1999.

Thousand of people go to the stadiums to support their favourite sportsmen or teams. But Ukrainians are not only sports fans. There are a lot of amateur clubs and keep-fit centers in Ukraine where people go infor aerobics, yoga, bodybuilding, swimming, skating, jogging.

I N GREAT BRITAIN. England is a sports-loving nation. Sports in England take many forms: organized competitive sports, which attract huge crowds to encourage their favourite team to victory, athletic games played for recreation and others. Some sports are called spectator sports, when the number of spectators is greater than the number of people playing in the game. Other sports are called participant, sports attracting crowds only on special occasions such as tournaments.

The game peculiarly associated with England is cricket. Cricket is slow, and a spectator, sitting in the afternoon sun after his lunch, may be excused for having a little sleep for half an hour. Cricket is making no progress in popularity.

Association football or soccer is very popular. Nearly 40 million spectators each year attend matches between the great professional teams organized by the Football League. The biggest event in England is the Cup Final played at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, in a London suburb 2.

Rugby football (or rugger) has existed in Britain since the begin­ning of the 19th century, when a teacher at Rugby school, while playing football, decided that it would be better to pick up the ball and run with it.

Rugby football is played with an egg-shaped ball which may be carried and thrown (but not forward).

The games of golf and tennis are played by great numbers of people. Golf is played in the countryside. It consists in driving a small ball towards and into holes 3 separated by considerable distances, by means of special golf clubs 4. The aim is to "go round" using as few strokes 5 as possible.

There are many tennis clubs, but every town provides tennis courts in public parks. The world championship tennis matches are held at Wimbledon in London, during June and July.

Вправа 5

Дайте відповіді на питання.

1. What is cricket?

2. What sports and games which are played throughout the world originated in England?

3. Can you name any internationally known sportsmen?

4. What sports do you do?

5. Can you name any football team?

6. What is the most popular game in your country?

7. What sport games can be played all the year round?

8. What summer (winter) sports do you prefer?

9. What is the difference between "sport" and "game"?

10. What is the great national sport in England?

11. What outstanding sportsmen of our country do you know?

12. What do spectators do at the stadium?

13. Do you play draughts (chess)?

Вправа 6

Опишіть ваш улюблений вид спорту, згідно плану.

• where it is played

• what it is played with

• what you wear

• who you play with

• the object of the game

• the basic rules

Вправа 7

Перед вами цитати спортивних коментаторів. Визначте, до якого виду спорту може відноситися кожна цитата:

1. diving;

2. hockey;

3. horse racing;

4. swimming;

5. volleyball;

6. football;

7. athletics;

8. cycling;

9. table tennis;

10. motor racing;

11. boxing.

1. Johny Law smashed the ball over the net. It hit the edge of the table and spun off a yard from Paul Ray's bat. The score was 17 all!!!

2. Sevelano put his foot down and began to overtake the car in front. Two more laps and he would be at the finishing line.

3. "Penalty!" the referee shouted. Carlos Dominguez placed the ball carefully in front of the goal mouth and walked slowly back. Then he suddenly turned, ran and kicked.

4. Newton College won most of the track events including the 100, 200 and 1,000 metres, but Atlanta were clearly on top in the field events, winning both long jump and the high jump.

5. Anna Eden scored a surprise victory in last night's competition when she beat Francesca Morrotti. Both riders pedalled as fast as they could but on the last lap Anna's legs were stronger and her front wheel was just in front of Francesca's at the finish.

6. Mighty Emperor was five lengths in front of Sporting Boy as they approached the finishing post. The favourite, Wonderland, jumped badly at the last fence and almost threw the jockey.

7. Morti stood on the top board for several seconds. Then he jumped high in the air, his body turning over and over before his head pointed downwards. He stretched out the arms and entered the water without a splash!

8. Tamara Costache won both the women's 100 metres breaststroke and the women's 50 metres freestyle at the Sunbury Pool in Tokyo on Saturday.

9. Joe Bullman caught Bill Wallace with a left hook to the jaw in the closing seconds of Round five. Wallace's knees folder under him and the next moment he lay flat out on the canvas. Joe was the winner by a knock-out!

10. It was an excellent serve. Ted threw the ball high in the air, jumped up and hit the ball with his fist into the Aston court. It cleared the net by an inch or so. An Aston player tried to return it, hit it with the palm of his hand, but the ball crashed into the net.

11. There was a clash of sticks, and suddenly the ball was speeding across the Brinton goal. Hinkley seized her opportunity at once. She caught the ball with her stick and a moment later sent it crashing into the goal.

Вправа 8

Визначте вірні та помилкові ствердження.

1. Football is popular in almost all the countries in the world.

2. Sport fans come to the stadium to learn their favourite poems.

3. If you want to play hockey you must have a puck and a club.

4. People who play chess are called chessmen.

5. Track-and-field events are included into the Olympics.

6. The referee acts as a goalkeeper in football.

7. There is no difference between tennis and table tennis.

8. Women are fond of playing hockey.

9. Tennis is a game in which two or four players strike a tennis ball with rackets all over a net.

10. Every player dreams of losing a game.

11. Draughts is an outdoor game.

12. There is no difference between soccer and rugby.

13. Badminton can be played only indoors.

14. The goalkeeper acts as a judge in football.

15. Ice hockey is popular with women.

16. A tennis ball is struck with a club.

17. Women are good football players as a rule.

18. People who play draughts are called draughts­men.

19. We use balls when playing badminton.

20. Golf is played on ice fields.

21. Hockey is one of the most popular summer sports.

22. Table tennis and lawn tennis are one and the same game.

23. In hockey a handball and rackets are used.

24. Boxers fight with bare hands.

25. Track and field events are never included in the Olympics.

26. You may touch the ball with your hands when playing football.