- •Нижний Новгород 2003
- •Contents
- •Preface
- •General points of grammar and usage
- •Indirect statements
- •In past reported speech adverbs and adverbial phrases of time change as follows.
- •Indirect questions
- •Indirect imperatives
- •Reporting a conversation
- •Representing functions in speech Functions of communication
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Invitation
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of thinking and reasoning
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of showing attitude
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of expressing emotion
- •Interest and indifference
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Patterns
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of volition
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Insistence and compulsion
- •Vocabulary
- •Способы передачи чужой речи в английском языке
In past reported speech adverbs and adverbial phrases of time change as follows.
Direct speech |
Indirect speech |
now |
then | at the time | at that time | at the moment | at that moment |
today |
that day |
this evening/week/year |
that evening/week/year |
yesterday |
the day before | (on) the day before that | (on) the previous day | (on) the preceding day (formal) |
(on) the day before yesterday |
two days before/earlier |
last night/week/year |
the night/week/year before | the previous night/week/year| (on) the night before that | (on) the preceding night (formal) | the preceding week/year (formal) |
last Sunday |
on the Sunday before |
a month/two months ago |
a month/two months before (that) | a month/two months earlier| a month/two months previously |
Direct speech |
Indirect speech |
recently | lately | of late |
a short/little time before | a short/little while before |
tomorrow |
(on) (the) next day | (on) the following day | (on) the day after |
next morning/evening/week |
(the) next morning/evening/ week | (on) the following morning/evening/week | the morning/evening/week after |
next weekend |
(the) next weekend | (during) the following weekend |
John said, “I saw Peter yesterday.” → John said he had seen Peter the day before.
John said, “I’ll join them tomorrow.” → John said he would join them the next day.
There are, however, adverbs and adverbial phrases of time that remain unchanged in past indirect speech. Some of them are listed below.
already |
later |
afterwards |
in 1980 | in May |
in the morning/ evening/daytime |
at Christmas | on New Year’s Eve |
before/after the war |
until midnight/10 o’clock |
between 10 and 11 o’clock |
all (the) day/night/ week |
during the day | during the holidays |
(for) three days/ weeks/months |
at the weekend (BrE) | over the weekend (esp. AmE) | on the weekend (AmE) |
throughout the summer |
from April to/till August |from April through August (AmE) |
The place adverb here becomes there in indirect speech on condition that there is no doubt about what place is meant. The place adverb there does not change in indirect speech.
At the university John said, “I’ll meet you here tomorrow.” → At the university John said he would meet him there the next day.
John said, “We’ll meet there.” → John said they would meet there.
However, very often both the adverbs are replaced by noun phrases.
John said, “Come here and tell me everything.” → John told his son to come into his study and tell him everything.
John said, “The hammer must be somewhere over there.” → John said the hammer must be somewhere in the corner of the room.