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Нижегородский государственный лингвистический университет им. Н.А. Добролюбова
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Жолобов Indirect Speech.doc
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Vocabulary

  1. believe to be sure that something is true or that someone is telling the truth

  2. trust to believe that someone is honest and will not harm you, cheat you, etc.

  1. disbelieve (formal) to refuse to believe something or someone

  2. distrust to lack trust or confidence in someone or something

  3. mistrust to lack trust or confidence in someone, especially because you think they may treat you unfairly or dishonestly

  1. doubt (1) (if/whether) to be uncertain about something

(2) (that) to disbelieve something

  1. doubtful (1) (if/whether) being uncertain about something

(2) (that) disbelieving something

  1. question to have or express doubts about something

  2. query to express doubt that something is true or correct

  3. suspect (1) to think that something is probably true or likely, especially something bad

(2) to think that someone is probably guilty

  1. sceptical (BrE) | skeptical (AmE) tending to doubt or not believe what other people tell you

  2. take sth. with a grain/pinch of salt (informal) not to completely believe what someone tells you because you know that they do not always tell the truth

  1. allay (formal) to make someone feel less afraid, worried, suspicious, etc.

  2. dispel to stop someone believing or feeling something, especially because it is wrong or harmful

Note. Doubt and doubtful may be followed by clauses introduced by either if/whether or that. If or whether is normally used to convey the meaning of uncertainty, whereas that is generally employed to express disbelief. That is also the usual choice when the truth of the clause following doubt or doubtful is assumed, as in interrogative and negative sentences. Thus both John never doubted that they would succeed and Did John doubt that they would succeed? imply “They succeeded”.

Respect and disrespect

= John: I know Mr Charlton as a knowledgeable person and I can’t but feel respect for him.

= John said in a respectful tone that he knew Mr Charlton as a knowledgeable person.

= John: Now, you two, stop butting in and get back to your work.

= John said with a sneer that the two of them ought to stop breaking in on their conversation and should get back to their work.

Patterns

I.

  1. John respected Peter as a knowledgeable person.

  1. John had/showed respect/reverence for his listeners / their interests.

  1. John said it

respectfully/reverently.

in a respectful/reverent tone/voice.

  1. John said it out of respect for his friend.

  1. John was respectful/reverent to other people.

  1. John regarded/talked to Peter with respect/reverence.

  1. John held Peter/his opinions in (great) respect.

  1. John was tolerant

towards other people.

of criticism/other people’s opinions.

II.

  1. John

showed

meant

intended

disrespect

irreverence

disdain

for the boss.

for other people’s needs.

  1. John was disrespectful/irreverent to other people.

  1. John disdained

flattery/their offers of help.

to reply to his remark.

  1. John scorned

Peter/his proposal/offer of help.

flattering his boss.

to flatter his boss.

  1. John

felt

expressed

showed

displayed

demonstrated

(his) contempt

(his) scorn

(his) disdain

for his colleagues.

for their opinions.

  1. John treated Peter/his proposal with contempt/disdain/ scorn.

  1. John heaped/poured contempt/disdain/ridicule/scorn on Peter/his proposal.

  1. John was filled with scorn for Peter/his proposal.

  1. John dismissed Peter’s proposal with contempt/disdain/ scorn.

  1. John was disdainful/scornful of/towards such people/ their remarks/offers of help.

  1. John said / told them contemptuously / disdainfully / jeeringly / mockingly / scornfully / sneeringly (that) they ought to get back to their work.

  1. John said / told them in a contemptuous / disdainful / jeering / mocking / scornful / sneering tone/voice (that) they ought to get back to their work.

  1. John said / told them with contempt / disdain / scorn / a sneer (that) they ought to get back to their work.

  1. John spoke/thought ill/unfavourably of Peter/his ideas.

  1. John laughed/scoffed at Peter/his ideas.

  1. John mocked (at) Peter/his plans.

  1. John made fun of/poked fun at Peter/his ideas.

  1. John ridiculed Peter’s suggestions/proposals/ideas.

  1. John exposed Peter to public ridicule.

  1. John held Peter/his books up to ridicule/mockery.

  1. John said it was ridiculous

to behave that way.

that Peter behaved that way.

  1. John derided Peter’s efforts/plans (as childish).

  1. John jeered at the speaker.

  1. John sneered at Peter/their religion.

  1. John teased Peter (about his long ears/bald head).

  1. John taunted Peter

(about/with cowardice).

(about/with/for being fat).

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