- •Нижний Новгород 2003
- •Contents
- •Preface
- •General points of grammar and usage
- •Indirect statements
- •In past reported speech adverbs and adverbial phrases of time change as follows.
- •Indirect questions
- •Indirect imperatives
- •Reporting a conversation
- •Representing functions in speech Functions of communication
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Invitation
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of thinking and reasoning
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of showing attitude
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of expressing emotion
- •Interest and indifference
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Patterns
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Functions of volition
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Insistence and compulsion
- •Vocabulary
- •Способы передачи чужой речи в английском языке
Vocabulary
understand (1) to know the meaning of what someone is telling you
(2) to know how a process, situation, etc. works, especially through learning or experience
realise (1) to know and understand the importance of something
(2) to start to know something that you did not notice before
dawn on to realise something for the first time
make out to understand something or someone
figure out to understand something or someone with difficulty
work out (esp. BrE) to think about something and manage to understand it
puzzle out to solve a confusing or difficult problem by thinking about it carefully
get (informal) to understand someone or something
catch to hear and understand what someone says
grasp to completely understand a fact or an idea, especially a complicated one
follow to understand something such as an explanation or story
see to understand or realise something
aware | conscious to notice or realise that a problem or a dangerous situation exists
clear easy to understand or recognise
apparent | evident | obvious | plain very easy to understand or recognise
come home to sb. to be clearly understood by someone
bring/drive/get sth. home to sb. to make you realise how serious, difficult or dangerous something is
catch on | latch on (informal) to begin to understand or realise something
misunderstand to understand that something means one thing when in fact it means something different
mistake/take sb./sth. for sb./sth. to think that one person or thing is someone or something else
be mistaken (about) to be wrong about something
not be able to make head or tail of to be unable to understand or to be completely confused by something
beyond/out of your depth beyond your ability to understand
Remembering and forgetting
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= John: Yes, now I remember who wrote the letter. |
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= John remembered/recalled who had written the letter. |
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= John: Do you know where Mary lives? |
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Peter: I knew it, but it’s gone clean out of my mind. |
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= John asked Peter where Mary lived. Peter answered that he had known her address but had forgotten it. |
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John asked Peter where Mary lived but Peter failed to recall her address. |
Patterns
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remembered recalled recollected |
Peter (as a young man). the first day of the journey. reading/having read the book. Peter(’s) being very conscientious. (that) he had read the book. where Peter worked. how to play poker. |
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had a |
vague hazy patchy vivid painful |
recollection |
of the events. of meeting Peter. of what had happened. |
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aroused awakened evoked stirred |
memories recollections reminiscences |
of his youth. |
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about/of the coming meeting. to take his umbrella. (that) the meeting was to be held in the afternoon. |
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memories of his childhood. to him his childhood. |
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Peter/his face/his name. Peter(’s) writing the article. inviting/having invited Peter. how to do it/where to go. (that) he had invited Peter. who had done it/where Peter lived. whether Peter had agreed to do the job. |
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