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Жолобов Indirect Speech.doc
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Vocabulary

  1. maintain to state your opinion firmly

  2. assert to state your opinion firmly, but often without proof to support it

  3. claim to state your opinion, but without proof to support it

  4. declare to state your opinion officially and publicly

  5. affirm (formal) to state your opinion firmly and publicly, usually again or in answer to a question or doubt

  6. protest to state your opinion very firmly, especially when other people do not believe you

  7. allege to state that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, but without proof to support it

Admitting and denying

= John: You were quite right, Peter. Now I see that I must’ve made a mistake.

= John admitted having made a mistake and recognised (that) Peter had been right.

= John: I don’t know this man. I’ve never met him before.

= John flatly denied knowing the man.

Patterns

I.

  1. John

admitted (to)

confessed to

his mistake/defeat/guilt.

stealing/having stolen the watch.

  1. John

admitted

confessed

(to the police) (that) he had stolen

the watch.

  1. John acknowledged

his mistake/defeat.

himself defeated.

being ignorant of the facts

having made a mistake.

Peter’s being a superb tennis player.

Peter to be a superb tennis player.

(to Peter) that he had made a mistake.

  1. John made an admission

of guilt/failure.

that he had done it all wrong.

  1. John made a full / forced / public / voluntary / deathbed confession (of his guilt)/that he had accepted bribes.

  1. John forced/extorted a confession from Peter.

  1. John recognised

the difficult position he was in.

Peter as an authority on the subject.

Peter to be an authority on the subject.

(that) the situation was hopeless.

  1. John accepted

the fact of Peter’s disappearance.

the claim that Peter had succeeded in it.

that their plan might be shelved.

  1. John conceded

defeat/a point in the argument.

(to them) that Peter was a good player.

  1. John granted

the logic of her argument.

(Peter) (that) Peter/the latter was honest.

II.

  1. John denied

all allegations/any knowledge of their plans.

knowing anything about it.

ever having met Peter.

that he had ever met Peter.

it to be true. (formal)

  1. John categorically / emphatically / fervently / flatly / strongly / vehemently denied all allegations.