Контрольное задание № 4

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 4, необходимо знать следующие грамматические темы:

1. Причастия (Participle I, II), независимый причастный оборот.

2. Условные предложения.

1. Независимый причастный оборот

Существительное в общем падеже (местоимение в именительном)

Participle I

или II

подлежащее

сказуемое

Второстепен-ные члены предложения

+ , + + +

The weather being fine, we went for a walk. – Так как погода была хорошая, мы пошли гулять.

2. Условные предложения

1. Условные предложения первого типа выражают вероятные предположения, относящиеся к настоящему, прошедшему, будущему времени:

ex: If I come early, I will have time to read. – Если я приду пораньше, у меня будет время почитать.

2. Условные предложения второго типа выражают маловероятные предположения, относящиеся к настоящему, будущему времени:

ex: If I came early, I would have time to read. – Если бы я пришел пораньше, у меня было бы время почитать.

3. Условные предложения третьего типа выражают неосуществимые предложения, относящиеся к прошедшему времени:

ex: If I had been here yesterday, I should have helped you. – Если бы я был здесь вчера, я бы помог вам.

Вариант № 1

1. Определите, какую функцию выполняет слово с окончанием –ed. Перепишите и переведите предложения.

1. Newton devoted the period from August 1684 to spring 1686 to theological speculation.

2. Newton’s great work published in 1687 is called “Principia”.

3. Newton was forced to leave Cambridge when it was closed because of the plague.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Найдите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом.

1. Though discovered, Newton’s mistake had no influence on his theory.

2. Many scientists worked in the field of mechanics before Newton, the most outstanding being Galileo.

3. Being especially strongly influenced by Euclid, Newton studied mathematics.

3. Выберите требуемую по смыслу форму глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. If you make half-hour breaks while getting ready for your exams, your brain (to work) much more efficiently.

2. If Newton’s laws of motion had not been studied, it (to be) impossible to send satellite into orbit.

3. If you (to look) at the equipment of 1946, you would notice the difference with that available at present.

4. Прочитайте текст. Будьте готовы прочитать и перевести любой абзац текста без словаря.

Isaac Newton

1. At Cambridge, Newton studied mathematics, being especially strongly influenced by Euclid, although he was also influenced by Baconian and Cartesian philosophies. Newton was forced to leave Cambridge when it was closed because of the plague, and it was during this period that he made some of his most significant discoveries. With the reticence he was to show later in life, Newton did not, however, publish his results.

2. Newton suffered a mental breakdown in 1675 and was still recovering through 1679. In response to a letter from Hooke, he suggested that a particle, if released, would spiral in to the center of the Earth. Hooke wrote back, claiming that the path would not be a spiral, but an ellipse. Newton, who hated being bested, then proceeded to work out the mathematics of orbits. Again, he did not publish his calculations. Newton then began devoting his efforts to theological speculation and put the calculations on elliptical motion aside, telling Halley he had lost them. Halley, who had become interested in orbits, finally convinced Newton to expand and publish his calculations. Newton devoted the period from August 1684 to spring 1686 to this task, and the result became one of the most important and influential works on physics of all times, "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy") (1687), often shortened to "Principia Mathematica" or simply the "Principia ".

5. Прочитайте текст по специальности (стр. 54) и переведите его письменно.

6. Прочитайте и подготовьте пересказ текста «Albert Einstain» (стр. 40).