Irkutsk university computer center

There is a large computer center at Irkutsk State University. It was set up in 1959. At first there was only one machine at the computer centre. It was an electronic computing machine of the first generation the URAL-1. The staff of the computer center consisted of only twenty people.

Now the computer center is a large educational and scientific center. Many specialists work there. There are many operators, engineers, programmers and research workers. At the center there are seven laboratories, for example, the laboratory of mathematical statistics and theory of probability, the laboratory of methods of research of management systems, the laboratory of automatization, the laboratory of programming and others.

The computer center is equipped with modern electronic machines of the third and fourth generations. There are two workstations, a mainframe, and many personal computers at the center.

The students of the University have their computer practice at the computer center. They learn to operate modern computers, to read, analyze and compile programs.

Internet center was established in 1997. It was set up under the sponsorship of Soros fund. The students of Irkutsk State University can have a free Internet access.

TASKS

1. Give English equivalents of:

1. компьютерный центр

2. быть основанным

3. электронно-вычислительная машина первого поколения

4. штат компьютерного центра

5. образовательный и научный центр

6. программисты

7. научные работники

8. лаборатория математической статистики

9. теория вероятности

10. методы исследования

11. системы управления

12. лаборатория программирования

13. быть оборудованным современными электронными машинами

14. рабочая станция

15. мейн-фрейм

16. персональный компьютер

17. составлять программы

18. бесплатный доступ в Интернет

2. Read the following words

engineer – engineering

practice – practical – practically

educate – education – educator – educational

analyze – analyzer – analysis – analyses

science – scientist – scientific–scientifically

mathematics – mathematician- mathematical – mathematically

3. Read and translate the text

4. Insert in the prepositions

There is a large computer center­­­_____ Irkutsk State University. It was set up____1959. At first there was only one machine ____the computer centre. It was an electronic computing machine ____ the first generation the URAL-1. The staff ___ the computer center consisted of only twenty people. Now the computer center is a large educational and scientific center. Many specialists work there. There are many operators, engineers, programmers and research workers. _____ the center there are seven laboratories, for example, the laboratory ____ mathematical statistics and theory ____ probability, the laboratory ___methods ___ research ___management systems, the laboratory___ automatization, the laboratory ___ programming and others.

The computer center is equipped ___ modern electronic machines ___ the third and fourth generations. There are two workstations, a mainframe, and many personal computers ___ the center.

The students ___ the University have their computer practice ___ the computer center. They learn to operate modern computers, to read, analyze and compile programs.

Internet center was established ­­­____ 1997. It was set up ____ the sponsorship ___Soros fund. The students ____ Irkutsk State University can have a free Internet access.

5. Finish up the sentences or fill in the gaps

1. There is a large computer center at ... .

2. It was set up in ... .

3. At first ... only one machine at the computer centre.

4. It was an ... of the first ... the URAL-1.

5. ... consisted of only twenty people.

6. Now the computer center is ... .

7. Many [...] work there.

8. There are many operators, engineers, programmers and ... .

9. At the center ... seven laboratories, for example, the laboratory of mathematical statistics and ..., the laboratory of methods of research of ..., the laboratory of ..., the laboratory of programming and others.

10. The computer center ... with modern electronic machines of the third and fourth generations.

11. There are two ..., a ..., and many personal computers at the center.

12. The students of the University have their ... at the computer center.

13. They learn to operate modern computers, to read, analyze and ... .

14. ... was established in 1997.

15. It was set up ... of Soros fund.

16. The students of Irkutsk State University can have a ... .

6. Learn the text.

UNIT 6

ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ

(THE ADJECTIVE)

СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ

(DEGREES OF COMPARISON)

1. Правило образования

RULE	EXAMPLES
1. Для односложных и двусложных прилагательных на –y, - ow, - er, -le в сравнительной степени –er, в превосходной степени –est.	small –smaller-the smallest easy-easier- the easiest
2.Для многосложных прилагательных в сравнительной степени more + прилагательное в положительной степени, в превосходной степени the most + прилагательное в положи-тельной степени.	difficult – more difficult – the most difficult

2. Исключения

POSITIVE DEGREE	COMPARATIVE DEGREE	SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
good	better	the best
bad	worse	the worst
many, much	more	the most
little	less	the least
far	further (farther)	the furthest (the farthest)

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ

(CONSTRUCTIONS WITH COMPARISON)

CONSTRUCTIONS	EXAMPLES
as + прилагательное в положительной степени +as	This building is as high as that one. Это здание такое же высокое, как и то.
not as (so) + прилагательное в положительной степени +as	This building is not as (so) high as that one. Это здание не такое высокое, как то.
the + прилагательное в сравнительной степени … the + прилагательное в сравнительной степени	The more we learn, the more we know. Чем больше мы учим, тем больше мы знаем.

EXERCISES

1. Give the degrees of comparison.

calm, happy, near, beautiful, skilful, short, good, well, charming, popular, easy, warm, reliable, young, useful, little, difficult, much, tall, bad, wonderful, late, early, nice, expensive, cheap, interesting

2. Read and translate these sentences

1. This software is easier to use, isn’t it? 2. I think lesson 12 is the easiest. 3. Supercomputers are the most expensive computers. 4. Have you got fresher information? 5. He is a more skilful programmer. 6. Modern computers are more reliable than the first ones. 7. This is the most reliable computer. 8. A friend of mine is the best programmer here. 9. A friend of mine is one of the best programmers here. 10. Think more, say less.

3. a) Translate into Russian

1. a) The first report was more interesting than the second one.

b) The first report was much more interesting than the second one.

2. a) This text was more difficult than that one.

b) This text was much more difficult than that one.

b) Translate into English

1. а) Она сделала меньше ошибок в тесте.

б) Она сделала значительно меньше ошибок в тесте.

2. а) Погода сегодня лучше, чем вчера.

б) Погода сегодня значительно лучше, чем вчера.

3. а) Этот монитор больше, чем тот.

б) Этот монитор значительно больше, чем тот.

4. a) Translate into Russian

1. a) This is the most exciting story.

b) This is a most exciting story.

c) This is one of the most exciting stories.

2. a) That was a most expensive computer.

b) That was one of the most expensive computers.

c) That was the most expensive computer.

b) Translate into English

1. а) Это был самый быстрый принтер.

б) Это был один из самых быстрых принтеров.

в) Это был весьма быстрый принтер.

2. а) Это была весьма надежная компьютерная система.

б) Это была одна из самых надежных компьютерных систем.

с) Это была самая надежная компьютерная система.

3. а) Это было самое важное событие в компьютерной технике.

б) Это было весьма важное событие в компьютерной технике.

с) Это было одно из важных событий в компьютерной технике.

5. Translate into Russian.

1. These monitors are as good as those ones. 2. This program is not as easy to use as the previous one. 3. I am as busy today as I was yesterday. 4. This mathematical problem is as difficult as that one. 5. He does not speak English as well as his friend does. 6. This computer game is not as exciting as the one you played yesterday. 7. This computer game is as good as the one we played yesterday. 8. He didn’t stay in the computer class as long as you did. 9. This lecture is as important as the one we had last week.

6. Translate into Russian

The more we learn, the more we know.

The more we know, the more we forget.

The more we forget, the less we know.

The less we know, the less we forget.

So, what is the use of learning all that?

7. Translate into English

1. Этот компьютер такой же надежный, как и тот. 2. Этот компьютер лучше, чем тот. 3. Тот компьютер значительно лучше. 4. Это – самый быстрый принтер. 5. Лазерные принтеры значительно быстрее, чем предыдущие модели принтеров. 6. Это – одно из самых быстрых и надежных устройств. 7. Это – самое трудное предложение в тексте. 8. Это – весьма трудное предложение в тексте. 9. Эта книга не такая интересная, чем та, которую ты принес мне на прошлой неделе. 10. Это – крайне трудная задача. 11. Это – самая трудная задача. 12. Чем больше я читаю о компьютерах, тем больше я узнаю о них.

TEXT

MICROCOMPUTERS

Today computers are becoming smaller and smaller and even being put inside other devices. These small devices are called microcomputers or minicomputers.

There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. A modern aircraft, for example, carries quite a load of electronic apparatus. If it is possible to make any of these smaller, and therefore lighter, the aircraft can carry a bigger payload.

But weight is not the only factor. The smaller the computer, the faster it can work.

Another advantage is that less power is required to run the computer. In space satellites this is an important matter. Sometimes a computer takes so much power that cooling systems which require still more power have to be installed. So a computer which does not need to be cooled saves power.

Another advantage is reliability. Minicomputers have been made possible by the development of integrated circuits. Instead of soldering bits of wire to join separate components such as resistors and capacitors sometimes in the most sophisticated networks, designers can now produce many connected circuits in one unit which involves no soldering and therefore no risk of broken joints. Repairs of the old kind (with soldering iron and so on) are no longer needed. If one of the component circuits develops a fault, all that is needed is to locate the faulty unit, throw it away and plug a new one.

TASKS

1. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and transcribe them:

1. device ( n.)

2. microcomputer ( n.)

3. advantage (n.)

4. weight ( n.)

5. particularly (adv.)

6. electronic (adj.)

7. apparatus (n.)

8. power ( n.)

9. satellite (n.)

10. install (v.)

11. reliability (n.)

12. integrated circuit

13. solder (v.)

14. wire (n.)

15. resistor (n.)

16. capacitor (n.)

17. network (n.)

18. iron (n.)

19. fault (n.)

2. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations

1. внутри других устройств

2. называться

3. несколько преимуществ

4. быть особенно важным

5. электронное оборудование

6. системы охлаждения

7. соединять отдельные компоненты

8. все, что необходимо

9. сломанный блок

3. Determine the degrees of comparison of the adjectives underlined

1. Today computers are becoming smaller and smaller and even being put inside other devices (прилагательное используется в сравнительное степени).

2. These small devices are called microcomputers or minicomputers.

3. If it is possible to make any of these smaller, and therefore lighter, the aircraft can carry a bigger payload.

4. Another advantage is that less power is required to run the computer.

5. In space satellites this is an important matter.

6. Sometimes a computer takes so much power that cooling systems which require still more power have to be installed to keep the computer from getting too hot, which would increase the risk of faults developing.

7. Instead of soldering bits of wire to join separate components such as resistors and capacitors sometimes in the most sophisticated networks, designers can now produce many connected circuits in one unit which involves no soldering and therefore no risk of broken joints.

4. Find in the text the sentence which suits the following pattern

Pattern: This computer is as reliable as that one.

Этот компьютер такой же надежный, как и тот.

5. Find in the text the sentence which suits the following pattern

Pattern: The more I learn about computers, the more I realize their advantages.

Чем больше я узнаю о компьютерах, тем больше я осознаю их

преимущества.

8. Read and translate the text.

UNIT 7

ПРЕДЛОГИ

(PREPOSITIONS)