4. Read and translate the text.

TEXT 2

Intel corporation history

Intel Corporation is the largest semiconductor manufacturer in the world. It has changed the global marketplace dramatically since it was founded in 1968; the company invented the microprocessor, the “computer on a chip” that made possible the first handheld calculators and personal computers (PCs). The company’s product line also includes chipsets and motherboards; flash memory used in wireless communications and other applications; networking devices and equipment for accessing the Internet, local area networks, and home networks; embedded control microchips used in networking products, laser printers, cellular phone base stations, and other applications.

Intel’s founders, Robert Noyce and Gordon More, were among eight founders of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, established in 1957. While at Fairchild, Noyce and More invented the integrated circuit. In 1968 they decided to form their own company. The company was incorporated on July 18, 1968, as N.M. (the letter standing for Noyce More), but quickly changed its name to Intel, formed from the first syllables of “integrated electronics”. Noyce and More’s business plan was to produce large-scale integrated (LSI) semiconductor memories. At that time, semiconductor memories were ten times more expensive than standard magnetic core memories. The Intel’s founders surmised that with the greater speed and efficiency of LSI technology, semiconductors would soon replace magnetic cores. Within a few months of its startup, Intel produced the 3101 Schottky bipolar memory, a high-speed random access memory (RAM) chip. In 1969 the company introduced the 1101, a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) chip and in 1970 it began to produce the 1103, a kilobyte (K) dynamic RAM, or DRAM, which was the first chip large enough to store a significant amount of information.

The company’s most significant impact on the computer industry involved the introduction of the world’s first microprocessor 4004 in 1971. The 8008, an 8-bit microprocessor, was developed along with the 4004 but oriented toward data and character (rather than arithmetic) manipulation. The 8008, introduced in 1974, was the first truly general purpose microprocessor. In response to ensuring competition in the manufacture of 8-bit microprocessors, Intel introduced the 8085, a faster chip with more functions. The company was also developing two more advanced projects, the 32-bit 432 and the 16-bit 8086. The 8086 was introduced in 1978.

During the 1970s, Intel had also developed the erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), another revolutionary project. With the introduction of EPROM in 1971 Intel could offer customers chips that could be erased and reprogrammed with ultraviolet light and electricity.

TASKS

1. Transcribe the words and give their Russian equivalents

1. corporation (n.)

2. company (n.)

3. microprocessor (n.)

4. equipment (n.)

5. area (n.)

6. cellular (adj.)

7. incorporate (v.)

8. surmise (v.)

9. oxide (n.)

10. dynamic(adj.)

11. significant (adj.)

12. impact (n.)

13. ultraviolet (adj.)

2. Give Russian equivalents of the following terms:

1. chipset

2. motherboard

3. personal computers(PC).

4. handheld calculator

5. flash memory

6. laser printer

7. networking devices and equipment

8. embedded control microchips

9. large-scale integrated (LSI) semiconductor memory

10. standard magnetic core memory

11. random access memory (RAM) chip

12. metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) chip

13. erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM)

3. Give English equivalents of:

1. производитель полупроводников

2. изменить глобальный рынок

3. изобрести микропроцессор

4. сделать возможным

5. беспроводная коммуникация

6. оборудования для доступа в Интернет

7. локальные сети

8. интегрированная схема

9. создавать собственную компанию

10. образовывать от первых слогов

11. в то время

12. с большей скоростью и эффективностью

13. сохранять значительный объем информации

14. микропроцессор общего назначения

15. в ответ на

16. более быстрый чип

17. другой революционный проект

18. предлагать покупателям

19. ультрафиолетовый цвет

4. Translate the sentences into Russian and formulate the rule of the translation of the word “that”.

1. The company invented the microprocessor, the “computer on a chip” that made possible the first handheld calculators and personal computers (PCs).

2. At that time, semiconductor memories were ten times more expensive than standard magnetic core memories.

3. The Intel’s founders surmised that with the greater speed and efficiency of LSI technology, semiconductors would soon replace magnetic cores.

4. With the introduction of EPROM in 1971 Intel could offer customers chips that could be erased and reprogrammed with ultraviolet light and electricity.

5. Translate the sentences into Russian. The underlined words are Participles in the function of an attribute. In the sentences under the letter A the attribute stands before a noun. In the sentences under the letter B the attribute stands after a noun.

A

1. The company made the first handheld calculators.

2. The company also produced embedded control microchips.

3. While at Fairchild, Noyce and More invented the integrated circuit.

B

1. The company’s product line also flash memory used in wireless communications.

2. The company’s product was an embedded control microchip used in networking.

3. Intel’s founders, Robert Noyce and Gordon More, were among eight founders of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, established in 1957.

4. The company soon changed its name to Intel, formed from the first syllables of “integrated electronics”.

5. The 8008, introduced in 1974, was the first truly general purpose microprocessor.

6. Read and translate the text.

UNIT 4

MORE ABOUT COMPUTERS

TEXT 1