Заняття 19

Україна – європейська держава. Узгодження часів

Vocabulary

• to border – межувати

• to have deposits of – мати поклади

• iron – залізо

• coal – вугілля

• ore mining – руда

• National Emblem ['næʃənl 'embləm] — Державний Герб

• national anthem ['ænθəm] — Державний Гімн

• official language – офіційна мова

• population – населення

• to develop – розвиватись

• to take part in – брати участь в

Exercise № 1: Read and translate text:

Ukraine is a sovereign state. It has it’s own territory, government, national emblem, anthem and state flag.

Ukraine is situated in the centre of Europe. The population is more than 39 million. It borders on Poland, Hungary, Moldavia, Russia, Belorussia, and others. There are 24 regions and Crimea Autonomic Republic in Ukraine.

Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The major rivers are the Dnieper, the Dniester, the Donets and others. The main river is Dnieper.

There are the Carpathian Mountains and the Crimean Mountains in Ukraine. Ukraine has deposits of iron,coal, natural gas, oil and other mineral resources. The main branches of industry are: coal and ore mining, iron and steel engineering, machine and ship building. Besides, Ukraine has always been an agrarian country.

The biggest cities are Kyiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, Lviv, Mykolaiv and others. Kyiv is the capital of Ukraine. The main street of the capital is Khreshchatyk.

The Constitution states that the national symbols of Ukraine shall be the National Flag, the National Emblem and the National Anthem.

The Ukrainian flag consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width. The top is blue, the bottom is yellow. Blue and yellow, the colours of the sky, mountains, streams, and golden fields had symbolized Kyivan Rus' long before the introduction of Christianity.

The lyrics to the anthem of Ukraine were written by Pavlo Chubynsky — a scientist and poet — in 1862. The music was composed by M. Verbytsky.

Exercise № 2: Make right question and give right answer:

1. The/what/official/is/in/country/our/state/language?

2. What/does/border/on/Ukraine/countries?

3. Population/Ukraine/of/the/is/what?

4. Ukraine/river/is/the/main/what/in?

5. Situated/where/Ukraine/is?

6. Are/ the national/ what/ symbols of/ Ukraine?

7. The lyrics/ the Anthem of Ukraine?/ and music to/ who

Exercise № 3: Read the descriptions and name the sights:

1. It is the main and the most beautiful street in the city. A lot of chestnut trees grow along this street. These trees are the symbol of the city.

2. It’s a big monastery with many ancient churches and museums. It is famous for its underground caves. Thousands of Christians from different countries of the world come to visit it every year.

3. It is one of the oldest streets in Kyiv. Nowadays this street is a traditional place for concerts, art festivals city holidays.

Exercise № 4: True or false. If the sentence is false, correct it:

• Kyiv is situated on the picturesque banks of the river Dnieper.

• The streets of Kyiv are lined up with chestnut trees.

• The population of Ukraine is 52 million.

• The people of Ukraine are proud of their capital.

• The main river of Ukraine is the Dniester.

• There are 20 regions in Ukraine.

• Ukraine is washed by the Irish Sea.

• Khreschatyk is the Kyivite’s favourite street.

• Our country is a nice place to live and to travel in.

Exercise № 5: Translate the sentences:

1. Ukraine borders on Russia, Belarus, Poland, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania. It’s washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

2. The Dnieper is the main river of the country; moreover, it’s the third longest river in Europe.

3. Ukraine is developed industrial and agricultural country. It’s rich in iron ore, coal, natural gas, oil, salt and other mineral resources. 

4. Ukraine is a member of the United Nation Organization and takes part in the work of many international organizations.

5. The geographical position of Ukraine is very favourable because the country lies on the crossroads of the ways from Asia to Europe.

6. The official language of Ukraine is Ukrainian.

7. Ukrainians are very hospitable. 

8. Traditional Ukrainian cuisine is rich with natural ingredients. You will always remember the taste of tomatoes, cucumbers, pepper, lettuce, onions, apples, grapes and peaches grown in the famous fertile Ukrainian soil.

9. Ukraine is an  independent, rather well developed country.

10. Ukrainian cuisine is very popular among other Slavs. Many dishes like vareniki and borsch are now considered as international.

Заняття 20

Політичний та адміністративний устрої України. Узгодження часів