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II. Find the English equivalents:

Збут; об’єм продажу (збуту), доход від продажу; загальний товарний асортимент; стимули збуту; прибуток; збиток; собівартість одиниці продукції; ефективність виробництва; прихильність до певного сорту або марки товару; товарний запас; агент з продажу; ринкова доля; канали розповсюдження; показник; крива продаж; зняти товар з продажу; покривати затрати; приймати рішення; розширювати; задовольняти потреби; покращувати; збанкрутувати; приваблювати; пропонувати.

III. Match the following words with their synonyms:

  1. to modify

  2. to delete

  3. gradually

  4. existence

  5. to adjust

  6. to maintain

  7. refinement

  8. to expand

  9. to offset

  10. to reduce

a. to eliminate

b. to carry on

c. improvement

d. to lower

e. to compensate

f. to change, to alter

g. to fit

h. being

i. to enlarge

j. little by little

IV. Fill in the gaps with the words from the exercise above:

  1. We have to … this product in response to the needs of the market.

  2. We have been able to … our tax by 10%.

  3. After its introduction to the market the product has … won the customers’ loyalty.

  4. If the firm wants to … the popularity of the product, they should … its quality and … it according to the needs of the consumers.

  5. At the stage of decline the company may … less popular products.

V. Make up the appropriate nouns and adjectives if possible from the following verbs:

VERB

NOUN

ADJECTIVE

to appear

to extend

to fail

to vary

to exist

to attract

to maintain

to improve

to broaden

to simplify

to strengthen

to determine

VI. Fill in the blanks according to the text:

1. Every product progresses through a ....

2. A firm must be able to launch, modify, and delete products in response to ... in product life cycle.

3. The product life cycle consists of four stages-intro­duction, growth; maturity, and ....

4. In the introduction stage sales rise gradually but ini­tially high marketing costs result in low profit or even in a....

5. The marketing challenge at this stage is to make po­tential customers aware of the product's existence and its ... benefits, and uses.

6. The product should be priced to attract the particu­lar ......that has the greatest desire and ability to buy the product.

7. In the growth stage, ... increase rapidly as the product becomes well known.

8. During the growth stage profits reach a... and begin to decline.

9. At the beginning of the-maturity stage sales are still .... but the rate of increase has slowed.

10. During a product's maturity stage, its...... may be strengthened by redesigned packaging or style change.

11. ... decline during this stage.

12. During the decline stage, sales volume ... sharply, pro­fits continue to ....

13. A product usually declines because of technological advances or environmental factors, or because con­sumers have switched to.......

14. Marketers should know the......stage of each product.