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V1: {Лексика}

V2: {Учебная лексика}

I: {{1}}

S: {It’s important for each student to get ________ experience of work.}

+: {practical}

-: {theoretical}

-: {general}

-: {complete}

I: {{2}}

S: {Not all British students study _______ at university or college as many of them combine their studies and work.}

+: {full time}

-: {part time}

-: {regularly}

-: {satisfactorily}

I: {{3}}

S: {I was really pleased that I managed to ________ the exam.}

+: {pass}

-: {take}

-: {attend}

-: {succeed}

I: {{4}}

S: {I would like to know what __________ taught are required in your country.}

+: {qualifications}

-: {knowledge}

-: {education}

-: {subjects}

I: {{5}}

S: {If the examiner can’t make sense of your writing, you’ll get a low …}

+: {mark}

-: {degree}

-: {certificate}

-: {improvement}

I: {{6}}

S: {I would like to know what __________ taught are required in your country.}

+: {qualifications}

-: {knowledge}

-: {education}

-: {subjects}

V2: {Деловаялексика}

I: {{7}}

S: {Shelley disagreed with the board’s decision and so she _______ and went to work for another company.}

+: {resigned}

-: {retired}

-: {fired}

-: {sacked}

I: {{8}}

S: {Have you had any news about that ________ you applied for yet?}

+: {job}

-: {work}

-: {career}

-: {business}

I: {{9}}

S: {The _______ for this position starts at €30,000 per year.}

+: {salary}

-: {wage}

-: {payment}

-: {tip}

I: {{10}}

S: {I think you will _______ from getting a new job.}

+: {benefit}

-: {promote}

-: {win}

-: {pay}

I: {{11}}

S: {{She became a full-time member of _______ last year.}

+: {staff}

-: {employees}

-: {employers}

-: {customers}

V2: {Профессиональнаялексика}

I: {{12}}

S: {It is difficult for a person to communicate with people from other countries if he has ______ against them.}

+: {prejudices}

-: {ideas}

-: {customs}

-: {statements}

I: {{13}}

S: {Impulsive students work quickly but often make errors; ______ students analyse and deliberate things before answering.}

+: {reflective}

-: {careless}

-: {industrious}

-: {sincere}

I: {{14}}

S: {Critical thinking is the ability to _______ ideas that may seem obvious.}

+: {examine}

-: {understand}

-: {realize}

-: {generalize}

I: {{15}}

S: {As the sick man’s perception was not sharp he could not ______ between painted and carved objects.}

+: {distinguish}

-: {state}

-: {appreciate}

-: {stand}

I: {{16}}

S: {Under the terms of the ______ you cannot keep animals in the building.}

+: {lease}

-: {sale contract}

-: {vendor contract}

-: {operating agreement}

I: {{17}}

S: {If you pay a ______ the shop will keep the good for you.}

+: {deposit}

-: {rent}

-: {tax}

-: {tuition}

I: {{18}}

S: {The _______ of the job include a car and free health insurance.}

+: {fringe benefits}

-: {expenses}

-: {rates}

-: {costs}

I: {{19}}

S: {It was decided in the office to ______ money to buy a gift for Carol’s birthday.}

+: {contribute}

-: {borrow}

-: {deposit}

-: {lend}

I: {{20}}

S: {The central bank has its ______ in our town.}

+: {branch}

-: {stock market}

-: {sole corporation}

-: {trade stock}

V2: {Термины (Дефиниции)}

I: {{21}}

S: {Belief in the existence of a god is a (an) …}

+: {religion}

-: {intellect}

-: {spirit}

-: {comprehension}

I: {{22}}

S: {A system of beliefs that concentrates on human needs and seeks ways of solving human problems based on reason is …}

+: {humanism}

-: {humanity}

-: {racism}

-: {liberty}

I: {{23}}

S: {An idea or a principle relating to something abstract is a …}

+: {concept}

-: {belief}

-: {value}

-: {contradiction}

I: {{24}}

S: {A system of beliefs that concentrates on human needs and seeks ways of solving human problems based on reason is …}

+: {humanism}

-: {humanity}

-: {racism}

-: {liberty}

I: {{25}}

S: {Intellectual expressions of a particular society such as art, literature, etc. are …}

+: {culture}

-: {morality}

-: {conscience}

-: {virtue}

I: {{26}}

S: {A system in which people live together in organized communities is …}

+: {society}

-: {subculture}

-: {diversity}

-: {stability}

I: {{27}}

S: {A design, symbol or other device that distinguishes one line of goods from that of a competitor is a …}

+: {brand}

-: {bonus}

-: {broker}

-: {barter}

I: {{28}}

S: {Permission to delay payment for goods and services is a (an) …}

+: {credit}

-: {currency}

-: {interest}

-: {annuity}

I: {{29}}

S: {A list of people employed by a company and the amount of money to be paid to each of them is a (an) …}

+: {payroll}

-: {audit}

-: {contract}

-: {agreement}

I: {{30}}

S: {State of being unable to pay debts is …}

+: {bankruptcy}

-: {bureaucracy}

-: {balance}

-: {benefit}

I: {{31}}

S: {An arrangement made with a bank which allows a person to leave his money there is a (an) …}

+: {account}

-: {discount}

-: {debit card}

-: {auction}

V1: {Грамматика}

V2: {Словообразование}

I: {{32}}

S: {The scientists said that they had an announcement of international …}

+: {importance}

-: {importanty}

-: {importation}

-: {important}

I: {{33}}

S: {Wales is a part of the UK, so one can’t really call it ________ country.}

+: { an independent}

-: {a dependent}

-: {independently}

-: {depending}

I: {{34}}

S: {They’ve published a book of George Bush’s _________ and it looks really interesting.}

+: {correspondence}

-: {corresponding}

-: {correspond}

-: {correspondent}

I: {{35}}

S: {Some plants are poisonous, so you must be _______ what you eat.}

+: {careful}

-: {careless}

-: {carefully}

-: {carefree}

I: {{36}}

S: {My brother works with _________ people. He loves his job.}

+: {disabled}

-: {disable}

-: {disability}

-: {disablement}

I: {{37}}

S: {They’ve published a book of George Bush’s _________ and it looks really interesting.}

+: {correspondence}

-: {corresponding}

-: [correspond}

-: {correspondent}

V2: {Местоимения}

I: {{38}}

S: {Bob’s been away on business for two weeks. You can’t have seen __________ in the Institute today.}

+: {him}

-: {his}

-: {he}

-: {himself}

I: {{39}}

S: {I saw a ticket on the floor next to a couple of tourists and asked them if it was …}

+: {theirs}

-: {their}

-: {them}

-: {her}

I: {{40}}

S: {Thank you for the offer, but I think I’ll use __________ own book.}

+: {my}

-: {mine}

-: {its}

-: {your}

I: {{41}}

S: {«Who’s that man?» – «That’s the man _______ you about».}

+: {I asked}

-: {which I asked}

-: {what I asked}

-: {whose I asked}

I: {{42}}

S: {There wasn’t __________ in the garden.}

+: {anybody}

-: {somebody}

-: {nobody}

-: {everybody}

V2: {Степенисравненияприлагательныхинаречий}

I: {{43}}

S: {I have never worked so ________ in my life.}

+: { hard}

-: {hardly}

-: {the hardest}

-: {harder}

I: {{44}}

S: {My new job is ______ than the old one. I work fewer hours and earn more.}

+: {far better}

-: {the best}

-: {bad}

-: {worse}

I: {{45}}

S: {The city centre was not so _________ as usual.}

+: {crowded}

-: {more crowded}

-: {much more crowded}

-: {the most crowded}

I: {{46}}

S: {If the problem gets any ________, we may need to inform the manager about it.}

+: {more serious}

-: {serious}

-: {less seriously}

-: {seriously}

I: {{47}}

S: {The ________ the hotel, the better the service.}

+: {more expensive}

-: {less expensive}

-: {most expensive}

-: {expensive}

V2: {Существительное}

I: {{48}}

S: {There are not many ________ in our educational establishments.}

+: {men-teachers}

-: {men-teacher}

-: {man-teachers}

-: {mans-teachers}

I: {{49}}

S: {Bad news _______ people happy.}

+: {doesn’t make}

-: {don’t make}

-: {are not making}

-: {is not making}

I: {{50}}

S: {Most school _________ have much in common.}

+: {curriculums}

-: {curriculums}

-: {curriculum}

-: {curriculas}

I: {{51}}

S: {I don’t like very hot weather. Thirty degrees _______ too warm for me.}

+: {is}

-: {are}

-: {won’t be}

-: {don’t}

I: {{52}}

S: {Most school _________ have much in common.}

+: {curriculums}

-: {curriculums}

-: {curriculum}

-: {curriculas}

I: {{53}}

S: {The police _______ little information about the robbery.}

+: {have}

-: {has}

-: {possesses}

-: {has got}

V2: {Артикли}

I: {{54}}

S: {Could you help me, please? I can’t start …}

+: {the engine}

-: {a engine}

-: {an engine}

-: {engine}

I: {{55}}

S: {Reports are coming in of a major oil spill in …}

+: {the Mediterranean}

-: {a Mediterranean}

-: {an Mediterranean}

-: {Mediterranean}

I: {{56}}

S: {It’s ______ I can’t do it in 15 minutes time.}

+: {a difficult test}

-: {the difficult test}

-: {an difficult test}

-: {difficult test}

I: {{57}}

S: {Let’s buy Peter ________ for his birthday. His watch is always slow.}

+: {a good watch}

-: {the good watch}

-: {an good watch}

-: {good watch}

I: {{58}}

S: {We’re out of ________, so could you get some from the supermarket?}

+: {coffee}

-: {a coffee}

-: {an coffee}

-: {the coffee}

V2: {Предлоги}

I: {{59}}

S: {Sasha’s not going to have a party ________ her birthday this year.}

+: {on}

-: {in}

-: {at}

-: {for}

I: {{60}}

S: {He’s never late, and he’s never early; he always arrives right ________ time!}

+: {on}

-: {in}

-: {at}

-: {by}

V2: {Союзы}

I: {{61}}

S: {I shan’t give you a definite answer ________ I get a letter from them.}

+: {until}

-: {because}

-: {since}

-: {although}

I: {{62}}

S: {Who is responsible ________ dealing with complaints?}

+: {for}

-: {with}

-: {in}

-: {at}

I: {{63}}

S: {Let’s go to Mirabella’s tonight _______ you haven’t been there before.}

+: {if}

-: {unless}

-: {where}

-: {while}

I: {{64}}

S: {I was only absent _______ the office for a few minutes!}

+: {from}

-: {for}

-: {in}

-: {about}

I: {{65}}

S: {Success in this industry depends a lot ________ luck!}

+: {on}

-: {with}

-: {at}

-: {from}

I: {{66}}

S: {He speaks English perfectly ________ he has never been to England.}

+: {though}

-: {since}

-: {as if}

-: {for}

I: {{67}}

S: {After a long, tiring day _______ Maria _______ Paula do very much in the evening.}

+: {neither … nor}

-: {neither … or}

-: {both … and}

-: {not only … but also}

I: {{68}}

S: {The MP asked ________ the prime minister was aware of the growing social problem.}

+: {if}

-: {that}

-: {since}

-: {what}

V2: {Глаголиегоформы}

I: {{69}}

S: {Have you been to the United States? ─ Yes, I have. I _______ there in 1977.}

+: { went}

-: {have gone}

-: {was going}

-: {had gone}

I: {{70}}

S: {We _______ when someone knocked at the door.}

+: {were talking}

-: {talked}

-: {had talked}

-: {were talked}

I: {{71}}

S: {I wanted to say goodbye to Jerry, but he …}

+: {had already left}

-: {was already left}

-: {already left}

-: {had already been leaving}

I: {{72}}

S: {What _______ doing since you returned from school? Your homework isn’t ready.}

+: {have you been}

-: {are you}

-: {were you}

-: {will you be}

I: {{73}}

S: {When you come he_______ in the garden.}

+: {will be working}

-: {will work}

-: {hadworked}

-: {wasworking}

V2: {Страдательныйзалог}

I: {{74}}

S: {When we got to the airport we learned that our flight …}

+: {had been delayed}

-: {was delayed}

-: {delayed}

-: {will be delayed}

I: {{75}}

S: { She has tried to do it several times without any result. I think she may succeed if she _______ how to do it.}

+: {is shown}

-: {had been shown}

-: {will be shown}

-: {shows}

I: {{76}}

S: {Even if you make too many mistakes, you _______ a chance to correct them all.}

+: {will be given}

-: {will be giving}

-: {willgive}

-: {give}

I: {{77}}

S: {At the airport we _______ by the immigration officer.}

+: {were questioned}

-: {questioned}

-: {were questioning}

-: {was being questioned}

I: {{78}}

S: {John doesn’t have his car today because it …}

+: {is being repaired}

-: {is repaired}

-: {is repairing}

-: {has been repaired}

V2: {Неличные формы глагола}

I: {{79}}

S: {No one even tries to make these children _________ well.}

+: {behave}

-: {to behave}

-: {behaving}

-: {behaved}

I: {{80}}

S: {He left the room without _________ for a reply.}

+: {waiting}

-: {being waited}

-: {waited}

-: {to be waiting}

I: {{81}}

S: {The answer ________ from the sellers greatly surprised us.}

+: {received}

-: {receiving}

-: {having received}

-: {to have received}

I: {{82}}

S: {They are likely __________ soon.}

+: {to come}

-: {having come}

-: {come}

-: {coming}

I: {{83}}

S: {My sister _________ the key, we couldn’t enter the house.}

+: {having lost}

-: {lost}

-: {to have lost}

-: {to have been lost}

V2: {Фразовыеглаголы}

I: {{84}}

S: {The professor being ill, the lecture was …}

+: {put off}

-: {put back}

-: {put away}

-: {put forward}

I: {{85}}

S: {Martin is happy at his job because he can _________ with people.}

+: {get on}

-: {get together}

-: {get through}

-: {getup}

I: {{86}}

S: {Sue was offered a job of a translator but she …}

+: {turned down}

-: {turned out}

-: {turned off}

-: {turned on}

I: {{87}}

S: {He's going to _______ that job offer and move to the office in London.}

+: {take up}

-: {take after}

-: {take on}

-: {take for}

I: {{88}}

S: {You can _________ in a dictionary if you don’t know what it means.}

+: {look up}

-: {look out}

-: {look for}

-: {look through}

V2: {Модальныеглаголы}

I: {{89}}

S: {We couldn’t find a hotel room, so we ________ sleep in the car. It was awful!}

+: {had to}

-: {must}

-: {could}

-: {should}

I: {{90}}

S: {Yes, of course you ________ open the window if you’re too hot!}

+: {can}

-: {are able to}

-: {must}

-: {needn’t}

I: {{91}}

S: {We ________ pay for the tickets as Fiona won them in a competition.}

+: {didn’t have to}

-: {mustn’t}

-: {couldn’t}

-: {hadn’tto}

I: {{92}}

S: {You _________ talk to people like that! It’s rude!}

+: {shouldn’t}

-: {couldn’t}

-: {needn’t}

-: {wouldn’t}

I: {{93}}

S: {I suppose we really ________ to book our ferry tickets in advance.}

+: {ought}

-: {should}

-: {must}

-: {can}

V1: {Речевойэтикет}

V2: {Бытовая сфера}

I: {{94}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A.: «Hi, how are you doing?»

B.: «_____________».}

+: {That’s OK.}

-: {Yes, I’m.}

-: {With great difficulty.}

-: {All right, I guess.}

I: {{95}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A.: «May I ask you a question?»

B.: «__________________».}

+: {Certainly.}

-: {I’m afraid, I can’t.}

-: {How kind of you.}

-: {Sorry, I don’t know.}

I: {{96}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A.: «Could you show me the way to the nearest hotel?»

B.: «__________________».}

+: {I’m afraid, I can’t.}

-: {I don’t know.}

-: {No, I can’t.}

-: {That’sOK.}

I: {{97}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A.: «Excuse me for being late. The traffic was very heavy».

B.: «_______________».}

+: {That’s all right.}

-: {Fine, how are you?}

-: {See you later.}

-: {Right you are.}

I: {{98}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A.: «May I ask you a question?»

B.: «__________________».}

+: {Certainly.}

-: {I’m afraid, I can’t.}

-: {How kind of you.}

-: {Sorry, I don’t know.}

V2: {Профессионально-деловая сфера}

I: {{99}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Manager: « Have you typed the cover letter yet, Mrs. Black?»

Secretary: «_______________».}

+: {Yes, sir. It’s on your table.}

-: {I’m busy.}

-: { I’m not sure.}

-: {Yes, pal. You can find it on your table.}

I: {{100}}

S: {Secretary: « Hello. Can I speak to Kate Crawford, please?»

Employee: «_______________».}

+: {This is Kate Crawford speaking.}

-: {Who’s that?}

-: {No.}

-: {I can’t say for sure.}

I: {{101}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A: «I’m calling for Mr Jones from Advertising».

B: «_______________».}

+: {I’m sorry you’ve dialed the wrong number.}

-: {We have no Jones here.}

-: {Don’t bother me.}

-: {Don’t call here.}

I: {{102}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A: «Excuse me. Are you Tom MacDonald?»

B: «_____________».}

+: {Yes, that’s right.}

-: {I am Tom.}

-: {Don’t you see that?}

-: {What?}

I: {{103}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Business partner 1: « We planned a second meeting in the morning».

Business partner 2: «_______________».}

+: {I’m afraid the morning isn’t convenient for us.}

-: {Give me another time.}

-: {It won’t do.}

-: {It’s out of the question.}

V2: {Учебно-социальная сфера}

I: {{104}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Student: «I’m about to finish my course of studies, but I don’t know what to do: study further or take a job».

Teacher: «_______________».}

+: {You should continue your studies, I’m sure. You are really talented.}

-: {That sounds like a good idea. Go ahead!}

-: {That’s a problem. It is for you to decide.}

-: {I think you’d better study further.}

I: {{105}}

S: {Student A.: «I’m hurrying to my teacher to discuss my written work».

Student B.: «_____________!»}

+: {I wish you good luck!}

-: {Have a good time!}

-: {I congratulate you!}

-: {I heard that your work was a great success!}

I: {{106}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Student A.: «The time-table has been changed. We’ll have English instead of Psychology».

Student B.: «_______________».}

+: {How awful! I haven’t done my grammar exercises.}

-: {I don’t know, let’s look up the time-table.}

-: {By the way, we are to have a lecture on Psychology now.}

-: {Not a bad idea!}

I: {{107}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Student A.: «Could you give me your dictionary for a few hours?»

Student B.: «_______________»}

+: {Here it is.}

-: {Don’t forget to return it.}

-: {It’s a pleasure for me to give you my dictionary.}

-: {Of course, I’ll give you my dictionary. }

I: {{108}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Student: «I’m sorry may I come in?»

Teacher: «_______________».}

+: {Yes, take your seat.}

-: {Yes, sit down.}

-: {Do come in!}

-: {Lateasusual!}

V2: {Социально-деловая сфера}

I: {{109}}

S: {Clerk: «I’ll be with you in a minute. Yes, sir. What can I do for you?»

Customer: «_______________».}

+: {Could I hire a car?}

-: {I want a car.}

-: {A car.}

-: {Do you have cars here?}

I: {{110}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

A: «What kind of food would you like to eat?»

B: «_______________».}

+: { Well, I'm not sure. Can you suggest something?}

-: {I don't like spaghetti.}

-: {I want raw fish.}

-: {Nothing.}

I: {{111}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Customer: «Show me this lipstick, please. Does it suit me?»

Shop-assistant: «_______________».}

+: {Yes, madam, it suits you perfectly.}

-: {Why should I tell you?}

-: { Not at all.}

-: {I don’t know.}

I: {{112}}

S: {Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения.

Travel agent: «Good afternoon. Can I help you?»

Customer: «__________________».}

+: {Good afternoon. Can I buy a single ticket to Glasgow?}

-: {Look! I need a single ticket to Glasgow.}

-: {Give me a single ticket to Glasgow.}

-: {A single ticket to Glasgow.}

V1: {Культура и традиции стран изучаемого языка}

V2: {Великобритания}

I: {{113}}

S: {The collective decision-making body of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, composed of the Prime Minister and some 22 Cabinet Ministers is called …}

+: {the Cabinet}

-: {the Shadow Cabinet}

-: {The British Parliament}

-: {Ministry of Justice of the UK}

I: {{114}}

S: {The plant (flower) – symbol of peace in Great Britain is a …}

+: {poppy}

-: {mistletoe}

-: {holly}

-: {trefoil}

I: {{115}}

S: {The _______ was built by William the Conqueror in 1078.}

+: {Tower of London}

-: {St. Paul’s Cathedral}

-: {Buckingham Palace}

-: {Palace of Westminster}

I: {{116}}

S: {The chairman in the House of Commons of Great Britain is the …}

+: {Speaker}

-: {Lord Chancellor}

-: {Prime Minister}

-: {Clerk of the House}

V2: {США}

I: {{117}}

S: {The building where the US Congress meets is called the …}

+: {Capitol}

-: {White House}

-: {Monument}

-: {Mall}

I: {{118}}

S: {The country which presented the bronze Statue of Liberty to the USA in 1886 is …}

+: {France}

-: {Great Britain}

-: {Germany}

-: {Italy}

I: {{119}}

S: {The river on which Washington D.C. is situated is the …}

+: {Potomac}

-: {Mississippi}

-: {Roanoke}

-: {Hudson}

I: {{120}}

S: {A famous American humorist and author of popular and outstanding autobiographical works, travel books and novels, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is …}

+: {Mark Twain}

-: {Daniel Defoe}

-: {Henry Fielding}

-: {Thomas Mayne Reid}

I: {{121}}

S: {The state named after Queen Elizabeth I is …}

+: {Virginia}

-: {Alaska}

-: {Atlanta}

-: {Philadelphia}

I: {{122}}

S: {The most prolific of all inventors in history, who patented 1,093 different inventions in the USA including the incandescent electric lamp, the motion-picture projector and the phonograph is …}

+: {Thomas Alva Edison}

-: {James Prescott Joule}

-: {Charles Robert Darwin}

-: {Michael Faraday}

V2: {Канада}

I: {{123}}

S: {Canadians honour those who served in wartime on …}

+: {Remembrance Day}

-: {Christmas}

-: {Thanksgiving Day}

-: {May Day}

I: {{124}}

S: {The largest city in Canada is …}

+: {Toronto}

-: {Vancouver}

-: {Montreal}

-: {Calgary}

I: {{125}}

S: {Canada's official colours are ________ and red.}

+: {white}

-: {blue}

-: {gold}

-: green}

I: {{126}}

S: {Canada’s two national sports are …}

+: {lacrosse and ice hockey}

-: {baseball and tennis}

-: {ice hockey and basketball}

-: {basketball and lacrosse}

V2: {Выдающиеся личности англо-говорящих стран}

I: {{127}}

S: {The Prime Minister who used to say to the Cabinet of Ministers: «When I want your opinion, I`ll give it to you!» is …}

+: {Margaret Thatcher}

-: {Winston Churchill}

-: {Quentin Bryce}

-: {HillaryClinton}

I: {{128}}

S: {The greatest playwright and poet of all times whose works are still being staged is …}

+: {William Shakespeare}

-: {Robert Burns}

-: {Stephen King}

-: {JonathanSwift}

V1: {Чтение}

V2: {Поисковое чтение с целью определения наличия в тексте запрашиваемой информации}

I: {{129}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Psychology

1. Psychology is a discipline that involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring underlying physiological and neurological processes.

2. Psychologists study such topics as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind. Experimental psychologists try to determine causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables.

3. Psychological knowledge is applied to various spheres of human activity, including the family, education, employment, and the treatment of mental health problems, as well as wider historical dimensions such as the attainment of greatness in fields such as politics, music, art, and literature. Psychology includes many diverse sub-fields, such as developmental psychology, sport psychology, health psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, media psychology, legal psychology, and forensic psychology.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {A psychologist studies human or animal brain activity and behaviour.}

-: {A psychologist studies human needs and values.}

-: {A psychologist studies social problems and ways of solving them.}

-: {A psychologist studies the ways of breeding animals.}

I: {{130}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Law

1. Law in common parlance means a rule which (unlike a rule of ethics) is capable of enforcement through institutions. The study of law crosses the boundaries between the social sciences and humanities, depending on one's view of research into its objectives and effects. Law is not always enforceable, especially in the international relations context. It has been defined as a «system of rules», as an «interpretive concept» to achieve justice, as an «authority» to mediate people's interests, and even as "the command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a sanction".

2. However one likes to think of law, it is a completely central social institution. Legal policy incorporates the practical manifestation of thinking from almost every social sciences and humanity. Laws are politics, because politicians create them. Law is philosophy, because moral and ethical persuasions shape their ideas.

3. Law tells many of history's stories, because statutes, case law and codifications build up over time. And law is economics, because any rule about contract, tort, property law, labour law, company law and many more can have long lasting effects on the distribution of wealth.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {It’s generally accepted that law is a rule which can be implemented by means of institutions.

-: {It’s generally accepted that law in the international relations is always enforceable.}

-: {It’s generally accepted that law is a rule which has a lot in common with rules of ethics.}

-: {It’s generally accepted that law can be defined as rules of ethics which are enforceable.}

I: {{131}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Geography

1. Geography as a discipline can be split broadly into two main subfields: human geography and physical geography. The former focuses largely on the built environment and how space is created, viewed and managed by humans as well as the influence humans have on the space they occupy. The latter examines the natural environment and how the climate, vegetation and life, soil, water and landforms are produced and interact. As a result of the two subfields using different approaches a third field has emerged, which is environmental geography.

2. Geographers attempt to understand the earth in terms of physical and spatial relationships. The first geographers focused on the science of mapmaking and finding ways to precisely project the surface of the earth. In this sense, geography bridges some gaps between the natural sciences and social sciences. Historical geography is often taught in a college in a unified Department of Geography.

3. Modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline, closely related to GISc, that seeks to understand humanity and its natural environment. Practitioners of geography use many technologies and methods to collect data such as GIS, remote sensing, aerial photography, statistics, and global positioning systems (GPS).

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {The first geographers’ task was cartography.}

-: {The first geographers’ task was to discover new lands.}

-: {The first geographers’ task was navigation.}

-: {The first geographers’ task was to instruct navigators.}

I: {{132}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Education

1. Education has as one of its fundamental aspects the imparting of culture from generation to generation. It is an application of pedagogy, a body of theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning and draws on many disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, sociology and anthropology.

2. The education of an individual human begins at birth and continues throughout life. Some believe that education begins even before birth, as evidenced by some parents' playing music or reading to the baby in the womb in the hope it will influence the child's development.

3. For some, the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide far more instruction than does formal schooling (thus Mark Twain's admonition to "never let school interfere with your education"). Family members may have a profound educational effect – often more profound than they realize – though family teaching may function very informally.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {The process of education makes use of knowledge of many sciences.}

-: {The education of a child starts at school and continues throughout life.}

-: {The process of education means a formal schooling only.}

-: {Family teaching plays no big role in education.}

I: {{133}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Linguistics

1. Linguistics investigates the cognitive and social aspects of human language. The field is divided into areas that focus on aspects of the linguistic signal, such as syntax, semantics, morphology, phonetics and phonology; however, work in areas like evolutionary linguistics and psycholinguistics cut across these divisions.

2. The majority of modern research in linguistics takes a predominantly synchronic perspective (focusing on language at a particular point in time), and a great deal of it aims at formulating theories of the cognitive processing of language. However, language does not exist in a vacuum, or only in the brain, and approaches like contact linguistics, creole studies, discourse analysis, social interactional linguistics, and sociolinguistics explore language in its social context.

3. Sociolinguistics often makes use of traditional quantitative analysis and statistics in investigating the frequency of features, while some disciplines, like contact linguistics, focus on qualitative analysis. Ferdinand Saussure is considered the father of modern linguistics.

Определите, какоеутверждениесоответствуетсодержаниютекста.}

+: {Sociolinguists often use statistics data.}

-: {Sociolinguists often use qualitative analysis.}

-: {Sociolinguistics and contact linguistics are the same.}

-: {Ferdinand Saussure is a contact linguist.}

I: {{134}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Demand

1. One of the most important building blocks of economic analysis is the concept of demand. When economists refer to demand, they usually have in mind not just a single quantity demanded, but what is called a demand curve. A demand curve traces the quantity of a good or service that is demanded at successively different prices.

2. The most famous law in economics, and the one that economists are most sure of, is the law of demand. On this law is built almost the whole edifice of economics. The law of demand states that when the price of a good rises, the amount demanded falls, and when the price falls, the amount demanded rises.

3. It is not just price that affects the quantity demanded. Income affects it too. As real income rises, people buy more of some goods (which economists call normal goods) and less of what are called inferior goods. Urban mass transit and railroad transportation are classic examples of inferior goods. That is why the usage of both of these modes of travel declined so dramatically as postwar incomes were rising and more people could afford automobiles.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {According to the law of demand when the price of a product rises, the amount demanded falls.}

-: {According to the law of demand when the price of a product rises, the amount demanded rises.}

-: {According to the law of demand when the price falls, the amount demanded falls.}

-: {According to the law of demand when the price falls, the amount demanded may fall or rise.}

I: {{135}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

World Bank

1. World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is a multinational institution set up in 1947 to provide economic aid to member countries - mainly developing countries – to strengthen their economics. The Bank has supported a wide range of long-term investments including infrastructure projects such as roads, telecommunications and electricity supply; agriculture and industrial projects including the establishment of new industries, as well as social, training and educational programmes.

2. The Bank's funds come largely from the developed countries, but it also raises money on international capital markets. The Bank operates according to 'business principles' lending at commercial rates of interest only to those governments it feels are capable of servicing and repaying their debts.

3. In 1960, however, it established an affiliate agency, the International Development Association, to provide low-interest loans to its poorer members. Another affiliate of the World Bank is the International Finance Corporation which can invest directly in companies by acquiring shares.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {World Bank has invested in important spheres of economy of the developing countries.}

-: {World Bank’s funds come from the developing countries.}

-: {World Bank lends low-interest loans to the developed countries.}

-: {World Bank raises money on home capital markets.}

I: {{136}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Hyperinflation

1. Inflation is a sustained increase in the aggregate price level. Economists generally reserve the term hyperinflation to describe episodes where the monthly inflation rate is greater than 50 per cent.

2. Hyperinflations are largely a twentieth-century phenomenon. The most widely studied hyperinflation occurred in Germany after World War I. The ratio of the German price index in November 1923 to the price index in August 1922 – just fifteen months earlier – was 1.02 × 1010. This huge number amounts to a monthly inflation rate of 322 per cent.

3. Hyperinflations are caused by extremely rapid growth in the supply of «paper» money. They occur when the monetary and fiscal authorities of a nation regularly issue large quantities of money to pay for a large stream of government expenditures. In effect, inflation is a form of taxation where the government gains at the expense of those who hold money whose value is declining. Hyperinflations are, therefore, very large taxation schemes.

Определите, какоеутверждениесоответствуетсодержаниютекста.}

+: {Hyperinflation describes the situation where a very large and rapid price rises occur.}

-: {Hyperinflation occurred in Germany after World War II.}

-: {Hyperinflations are caused by rapid growth of industry.}

-: {Hyperinflations were a common phenomenon in the 19th century.}

I: {{137}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Privatization

1. Privatization is the process by which the production of goods or services is removed from the government sector of the economy. This has been done in a variety of ways, ranging from the public sale of shares in a previously state-owned enterprise to the use of private businesses to perform government work under contract.

2. The leader in this innovative strategy was the Thatcher government of Great Britain from 1979 to 1990. Previous governments had tried limited denationalization, which is the restoration of nationalized enterprises to their previous owners, but with limited success. Privatization involved totally new owners. In some cases the state enterprises that were «privatized» had never been in the private sector.

3. Governments all over the world were confronted in the seventies by the problems inherent in state ownership. Because state-owned companies have no profit motive, they lack the incentive that private companies have to produce goods that consumers want and to do so at low cost. An additional problem is that even if they want to satisfy consumer demands, they have no way of knowing what consumers want, because consumers indicate their preferences most clearly by their purchases.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {The Thatcher government was the first to suggest a new strategy of privatization.}

-: {All state enterprises that were privatized had been in the private sector before.}

-: {State-owned companies could satisfy consumer demands.}

-: {Private companies have no stimulus to produce goods.}

I: {{138}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Insurance

1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.

2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.

3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.}

+: {Bank deposits are insured by the state.}

-: {Life insurance is provided by the federal government.}

-: {Health insurance is provided by the federal government.}

-: {A shipment is insured by the state.}

V2: {Изучающее чтение с элементами аннотирования}

I: {{139}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Psychology

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Psychological data are used in …}

+: {various fields of human life}

-: {various fields of animal life}

-: {various fields of art}

-: {various fields of culture}

I: {{140}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Law

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Legal policy contains …}

+: {practical examples of theoretical research in social sciences and humanities}

-: {people's interests mediated by the authority}

-: {contracts, torts, property, treatments}

-: {boundaries between the social sciences and humanities}

I: {{141}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Geography

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Physical geography studies …}

+: {the interaction of natural phenomena}

-: {global positioning systems}

-: {remote sensing}

-: {themapmaking}

I: {{142}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Education

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Success and failure of everyday life can be considered …}

+: {a part of education}

-: {a waste of time}

-: {a good experience}

-: {less important}

I: {{143}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Linguistics

Завершитеутверждениесогласносодержаниютекста.

Ferdinand Saussure is …}

+: {a founder of modern linguistics}

-: {a creator of statistics}

-: {a founder of a synchronic perspective}

-: {a creator of human languages}

I: {{144}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Demand

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

When real income of population rises …}

+: {people buy more normal goods and less inferior goods}

-: {people buy less normal goods and more inferior goods}

-: {people buy more normal goods and more inferior goods}

-: {people buy less normal goods and less inferior goods}

I: {{145}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

World Bank

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Another name of World Bank is …}

+: {International Bank for Reconstruction and Development}

-: {the International Development Association}

-: {International Bank for Reconstruction}

-: {the International Finance Corporation}

I: {{146}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Hyperinflation

Завершитеутверждениесогласносодержаниютекста.

The term hyperinflation is used when …}

+: {the monthly inflation rate is more than 50 per cent}

-: {people speak about World War I}

-: {the monthly inflation rate is less than 50 per cent}

-: {governments increase prices}

I: {{147}}

S: {Прочитайтетекстивыполнитезадания.

Privatization

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

The public sale of shares as well as the performance of government work under contract with the use of private businesses are …}

+: {ways of privatization}

-: {ways of limited privatization}

-: {ways of getting profit}

-: {ways of selling goods}

I: {{148}}

S: {Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

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